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CIHM/ICMH 

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KfiLATtVft    T»    THE 


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CAMPAIGN    ON    THE   NIAGARA, 


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tN   1814. 


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WWVWV«rtA/\/VlA< 


BOSTON: 

PRIjrrMB  AT  THE  PATRIOT-OFFICE. 


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1. 


Facts  Relative  to  the  Campaign  on  the  Niaoara,  in  1814.    Boston,  1815* 
With  Major-Gen.  Ripley's  autograph  on  title. 


<f/? 


/£> 


ADVEHTISEMENT. 


■I 
I 


The  following  Documents  are  given  to  the  public 
without  comment.  Some  explanatory  facts  are  stated  ; 
but  in  such  instances  the  persons  who  can  bear  witness 
to  them  are  invariably  pointed  out.  The  object  is  to 
elicit  truth,  and  to  do  that  justice  to  a  gallant  Army, 
whose  merits  are  yet  but  imperfectly  known  to  their 
countrymen. 

With  a  view  to  render  the  developement  of  truth 
complete,  and  to  remove  the  veil  of  mystery  which  a 
system  of  puffing  intrigue  has  spread  around  the  trans- 
actions of  the  Niagara  Campaign,  any  officer  who  deems 
the  present  statement  incomplete,  is  requested  to  forward 
his  own  statement,  certified  upon  honor,  to  the  Patriot 
Office,  at  Boston,  and  it  shall  be  published  in  the  form 
of  a  supplement. 

The  object,  it  is  repeated,  is  not  to  raise  an  artificial 
reputation  at  the  expense  of  any  officer,  but  to  unfold  to 
the  Country,  and  to  the  Army,  the  real  events  of  a  Cam- 
paign as  they  existed  in  fact,  and  as  they  ought  to  exist 
in  history.    Perhaps  this  developement  has  been  too 


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i 


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,1 


long  delayed.  It  is  possible  that  the  Public  may  cease 
to  feel  the  interest  which  the  moment  of  triumph  excites. 
But  in  any  event,  now  that  the  period  of  enthusiasm  is 
over,  and  conflicting  opinions  caused  by  temporary  ex- 
citement are  done  away,  it  is  confidently  believed  that 
an  appeal  may  be  made  with  effect,  to  the  reason  and 
intelligence  of  the  community. 

It  is  not,  however,  without  regret,  that  there  ex- 
ists a  necessity  for  this  appeal.  It  would  have  been  much 
more  gratifying  to  have  derived  from  the  honest  integ- 
rrity  ot  a  Commanding  General  that  fair  exposition  of 
facts  and  deductions  for  which  it  becomes  now  necessary 
ta  resort  to  the  statement  of  officers  of  the  Army,  and 
the  justice  of  the  nation. 


1  ^ 


cease 

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asm  is 
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ny,  and 


]  ^ 


CAiMPATON  ON  THE  NIAGARA. 


STATEJUE^rr  of  facts  r^speotittg  the  late  Campaign  ou 
the  J^iagara  frontier,  which  fell  within  my  knowledge  while 
acting  as  Volunteer  Aid  to  Brigadier  General  RIPLEY,  of  the 
United  States  Army. 

ON  the  night  of  the  3d  of  July,  1814,  General  Ripley  crossed 
the  Niagara  River  with  his  Brigade,  above  Fort  Erie,  and  landed 
his  men  in  good  order  notwithstanding  the  embarrassing  situation 
the  General  had  been  placed  in  for  want  of  means  of  transporta- 
tion, having  only   two  gun  boats,  and  two  small  boats,  for  the 
crossing  of  his  whole  brigade.  The  gun  boats  could  not  get  nearer 
the  Canada  shore  than  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and  the 
small  boats  would  not  contain  more  than  about  fifty  mei  each — 
fortunate  for  the  General,  the  enemy  made  r-*  resistance  on  our 
landing,  or  he  must  have  lost  a  great  many  of  i.     Tiej,  as,  he  could 
not  land  at  a  time  more  than  one  hundred  men.     On  the  morning 
of  the  battle  of  Chippewa,  General  Porter  was  ordered  out  on  the 
left  of  our  two  lines,  first  and  second  brigades  with  his  volunteers 
and  Indians  to  skirmish  with  the  enemy,  who  at  that  time  were 
constantly  annoying  our  flanks.     Shortly  after  General  Porter 
entered  the  woods,  he  was  attacked  by  a  large  body  of  the  enemy's 
light  troops  and  Indians  ;  during  this  time  Generals  Brown,  Scott 
and  Ripley,  with  several  other  officers,  were  met  together  at  Ihe 
"White-house. 


I 


ii* 


I 


•  i 


Mi 


licncral  Uiplcy  on  hearing  the  constaut  anil  heavy  li ring  between 
General  Porter  and  the  enemy,  mentioned  to  General  Brown,  that 
Vorter  wag  engaged  and  ought  to  be  supported.  General  Brown 
immediately  ordered  General  Scott  to  get  his  brigade  in  readinesi 
for  action,  and  gave  the  same  orders  to  General  Ripley,  which  wer» 
immediately  complied  with. 

General  Scott  had  scarcely  his  brigade  in  motion,  before  the 
enemy  made  their  appearance  in  line  of  battle  on  his  right.     Gen. 
Scott  advanced  his  brigade  to  meet  the  enemy,  and  commenced 
the  action.     General  Ripley  had  his  brigade  formed  in  line   of 
battle,  and  remained  some  time  exposed  to  the  enemy's  artillery, 
waiting   for  orders ;  at  length  he  received  orders  to  advance  with 
bis  Brigade  on  the  left  of  General  Scott,  in  the  woods,  which  ht 
immediately  complied  with,  and  although  not  particularly  engaged 
in  the  action  of  that  day,  his  brigade  wa«  in  advance  of  the  first, 
anxious  to  have  an  opportunity  in  sharing  in   the  ho»or  of  the 
day.  The  enemy  had  he«n  beaten  over  the  Chippewa  Rivers,  and 
obliged  to  take  shelter  behind  their  works.     The   whole  of  our 
army  had  orders  to  return  to  camp.     Some  few  days  after  our 
army  marched  to  Queenstown,  1  received  orders  from  the   War 
Department  to  join  my  regiment  at  New  York. 

]  cannot  in  justice  to  my  feelings  dismiss  this  subject,  without 
expressing  the  high  opinion  I  entertain  for  that  worthy  gentleman 
and  soldier,  Brigadier  General  Ripley. 


(Signed) 


^Ibanyy  iStk  March,  18  iff. 


D,  NOON, 

J^ajor  4-ls*  Infantry. 


< 


P.  S.  I  forgot  to  mention  that  On  the  day  the  battle  was  fought 
at  Chippewa,  General  Ripley  did  more  than  once  solicit  orders 
from  General  Brown  to  attack  the  enemy  on  the  left  of  General 
Scott,  and  he  certainly  was  much  disappointed  in  not  receiving 
drders  sooner  than  he  did. 


(Signed) 


D.N. 

Mtj.  4!ist  Inf. 


/ 


Operations  of  the  Jlvmtj  after  the  Battle  of 

Chippewa, 

THE  battle  of  Chippewa  presented  this  singular  phenomenon 
in  military  history  :   an  enemy,  inferior  in  numbers,  cross  a  bridge, 
advance  a  mile  und  an  half,  attack  us ;  are  repulsed  at  ail  poiDt8,aud 
by  little  more  than  half  our  force  ;  and  yet  they  are  suft'ered  to  re- 
tire across  the  bridge  wiOi  their  artillery,  and  their  whole  force  ; 
oulv  leavina;  their  dead  and  wounded  on  the  field.     The  victorious 
army  remained  four  days  on  their  former  ground,  and  then   took 
f  Uj)  their  line  of  march  in  pursuit.     On  the  lOlh  of  July,  they  ar- 
rived at  Quoenstown  ;   on  the  14th,  th»^y  received  intelligence  that 
Gen.  Hial  was  at  the  12  mile  creek  with  the  main  body;  and 
Col.  tScott  of  the  load  was  al  the   10  mile  Creek,  with  the  ad- 
vance, consisting  of  militia,  Indians,  and  the   Glengary  light  in- 
fantry, which  had  come  up  from  York.   The  militia  of  the  country 
were  called   out,  and   collecting  en    masse  from   Long-point  to 
the  bay  of  Quinti,  a  distance  of  120  miles.    The  position  of  Gen. 
Rial  was  10  or  12  miles  from  our  camp  at  Queenslown ;  and  about 
the  same  distance  from  Fort  George,  and  his  regular  force  was  as- 
certained to  be  about  10  or  1300.     He  had  been   reinforced  with 
the  garrison  of  Burlington  Heiglits,  300  strong,  and  the  Glengary 
light  infattry  from  York,  400  strong.     His  force  consisted  of  these 
corps,  a   part  of  the  Royal   Soots,  and  the  100th  regiment.     He 
hud  left  the  4tst  and  the  8th  to  garrison  forts  George,  Mississauga 
and  Niagara,  together  with  the  seamen  and  marines  of  two  brigs 
in  the  river. 

With  these  facts  known  to  the  General  Staff  of  the  American 
army,  Major  General  Brown  called  a  conference  of  officers.  Gen. 
8cott  was  for  investing  Fort  George.  Gen.  Ripley  made  a  propo- 
tiiiion  to  march  that  night,  with  his  brigade  and  Towson's  and  Bid- 
die's  artillery,  and  attack  Gen.  Rial  at  reveille,  so  as  to  bring  him 
to  action,  and  far  Generals  Scott  and  Porter  to  be  kept  within 
siipportitig  distance  ;  and  Colonel  Hindman  to  bring  up  the  park 
of  artillery  in  reserve.  The  reasons  General  Ripley  assigned  for 
this  movement  were, — that  if  we  moved  against  Fort  George,  we 
could  not  carry  it.  To  think  of  storming  it,  was  out  of  the  ques- 
tion ;  and  to  invest  it,  would  be  perfectly  absurd,  for  we  had  only 
our  18  pounders  to  besiege  a  place  where  by  dismantling  Niagara, 


i' 


® 


I 


8 

30  heavy  pieces  of  artillery  could  be  brought  to  bear  upon  us.  That 
if  we  invested  Fort  George,  we  should  waste  a   few  days,  wi.ch 
would  give  the  enemy  opportunity  to  reinforce  from  Kingston  j 
and  if  this  were  allowed  them,  as  we  only  had  an  eft.cl.ve  iorec 
of  26  or  ^700  men,  our  movement  must  re.olve  itse  f  .nto  a  retro. 
^rade  one  for  our  own  security.  But  on  the  other  hand,  .f  we  attack- 
ed Rial,  and  broke  him  down  before  he  could  be  reinforced,    he 
peninsula  was  within  our  power.     This  proposition  was  supported 
by  Gen.  Porter,  Col.McRee  and  Col.  Wood  :  Col.  Hindn  >u  gave 
no  opinion  :  Gen.  Brown,  Gen.  Scolt  and  Col.  Gardner,were  opposed 
to  it,  and  in  favor  of  investing  Fort  George.    The  movement  was 
„ad;  on  Fort  George  the  16th  of  July  ;  and  on  the  23d  w.tho.. 
even  opening  a  single  trench,  the  forces  retrograded      1  hey  fell 
ba.k  to  Chippewa  the  24th  ;  and  on  that  evening.  Gen.  Drmnmond 
arrived  with  three  fresh  battalions  from  Kingston  ;  several  batlal. 
ions  of  militia  were  concentrated,  and   Gen.  Rial,  with   a  torce 
aljout  3000  strong,  moved  forward  his  camp  to  Lund^s  lane. 
For  the  truth  of  these  facts  we  refer  to  all  the  officers  of  the 

General  Staff  above  named.  „  ,,     « 

It  may  be  proper  to  give  a  statement  of  the  forces  of  the  two 
armies  at  the  commencement,  and  during  the  battle  of  Niagara  as 
nearly  us  their  force  can  be  ascertained. 

Royal  Scots,  2  battalions  consolidated 

8th, *        •        • 

41st,  . 

100th,        

*»  89th,  from  Kingston 

**  103d,  from  Kingston 

**  104th,  Flank  Companies  from  Kingston 
Glengary  Light  Infantry,  from  York 

Regulars,        .        4276 
**  Those  with  this  mark,  reinforcements^  the  others  were  enga- 

eed  in  the  battle  of  Chippewa. 

Regulars,  .  .  4276 

Militia,  .  .  1230 

Indians,  .  .  ^*^0 

Grand  Total,        6006 
The  reinforcements,  excepting  Glengarians,  arrived  about  nine 


800 

S30 

600 

400 

700 

800 

229 

400 


mw 


9 


iiperationa  of  Gen.  Ripleifa  brigade  at  Masara, 


800 
830 

COO 
400 
700 
800 
22(1 
400 


Mnutes  of  the  proceedings  of  a  Court  of  Inquiry  assembledin  the 
Court  House,  in  the  village  of  Troy  and  State  of  mw  York,  in 
pursuance  of  the  following  General  Order,  issued  by  the    War 
Department* 

Adjutant  and  Inspector  General's  Office,  idth  I'eb.  1819. 

GENERAL    ORDER. 

A  Court  of  Inquiry,  of  which  Major  General  Henry  Dearborn  is 
President,  and  Brigadier  Generals  Moses  Porter  and  Daniel  Bis- 
sell,  members,  will  sit  in  Troy,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  imme- 
diately after  the  General  Court  Martial  now  sitting  in  that  place 
Jail  have  finished  its  business  j  to  inquire  into  the  conduct  of 
Brigadier  General  E.  W.  Ripley,  during  the  last  campaign,  and 
particularly  in  relation  to  his  conduct  immediately  after  the  battle 
of  Niagara  of  the  25th  of  July,  1814. 

The  Court  will  hear  and  r'eportsuch  testimony,  documents,  and 
evidence,  as  it  shall  deem  important,  and  give  its  opinion  on  the 

CftSC* 

E.  A.  Banoker,  Esq.  Army  Judge  Advocate,  will  attend  the  court 
ts  recorder.  «* 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 

^Signed)  D.  PARKER, 

Mj.  and  Ins.  General 

Troy,  March  14,  1815. 
The  Court  convened  pursuant  to  the  preceding  General  Order, 
Present, 

Major  General  H.  DEARBORN,  President. 

Members, 

Brigadier  General  Porter.     Brigadier  General  Bissell. 

E.  A.  Banoker, 

Judge  Mvocate.\ 
1  he  prescribed  oaths  being  adriiini.tered,  and  the  Court  organic- 
edas  above.    Brigadier  General  Eleazar  W.  Ripley,  of  the  United 
States  Army,  appeared,  the  General  Order  was  read,  and  the  in. 

2 


I., 

TV 


!  I 


i| 


:il 


ii 


*0 

a-ilry  into  the  subject  matter  enjoined  by  tliesanje  was  commenced 

' William  McDonald.  Captain  in  the  i9th  -S|-"  o^  «^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
States  Infantry,  being  produced  and  swo.n  as  a  .  itncss  by  General 
Bipley-Testified,  ^  ^     ^^  ^^ 

That  in  the  campaign  of  18U,  belere  aim  uur  ^b 
Brid'-evvater,  near  Niagara,  he  was  aetu.g  Aid  to  Brigadier  Gen. 
R  ±1.    On  the  morningof  the  2.th  of  Jnly,the  army  umler  the 
ommand  of  Major  General  Bro.  n,  was  encamped  on  the  upper 
d"^   Cb  ppewa  Creek;  many  of  the  men  were  that  day  engaged 
Uiang  'and  about  half  an  hour  before  sun-set  were  sU    out 
wne.  a  tirin.  was  beard,  which  they  in  camp  ascribed  to  General 
wne.i  u        .a  pncmv.  as  he  had  marched  out  with 

fecott's  being  engaged  with  tne  en^my,  us  "^  "^ 

his  brigade  aboat  two  hours  before. 

Wh*u  General  Scott  first  m.rehed  o.t,  »  "»»  "•"  f "'™'  ,7,- 
pressio-  that  be  had  done  ,o  for  the  purpose  of  P«;»f«  '^^  ^  ■'  " 
Our  army  at  tliia  time  eonsUted  of  two  brigades  of  regular  troops 
^:Zded  b,  Brigadier  G..eraU8eot.  and  Uip.ey.  and  a  sa...l 
eoros  of  3  or  600  volunteers  nnder  Gen.  rorter. 

Tb.  total  of  Gen.  Ripley's  brigade,  may  have  amounted  to  .bout 
,00  tieefflvesfrom  /to  800.  TM.e  da,  before  at  Queens  own 
heLbU  be  reeollected  bearing  General  Seott  ,ay  tbat  ku  brigade 
colined  about  the  same  number-perbaps  -< '"  >^;- 

About  tbe  .Mb  of  J"^^;„^7,  tru  ■ir.":^h'';;oo  ml 

Itr::    rg:^r;\l:eli::;be  bad  a  UHedeneamp. 

r-ix  best^f-bis  ^''-^^f-::::;^-^^ 

rcecivcd  of  tbc  for«e  ami  position  ol  Ibt  enemy  oci» 

*"  On  uledaytt  mentioned,  tbe  proportion  of  tb.se  »bo  fon^ed 
.be  V  sbin    parties  a.d  seattcred  men  of  'H-amp.  amounte 

was  from  the  firing.  ^     g      gj„lt 

In  the  order  ofthe  encampment,  the  first  ""S*"'  ™"         „.  , 

re'ted  onjbe  ObiiM.e,v. ,  ^'•'^-^^"i'Tt'.llT/^^ 
abo«t  tw,  hundr«i  ,»rd.  tet^t,  wA  tM«.r  b-'ni  t.  th.  N»SW. 


11 


lenceil 

LTniteil 
ieneral 

ittle  of 
r  Gen- 
der the 
;  upper 
ngaged 
till  out, 
SeneraV 
ut  with 

eral  im- 
nd  drill. 
r  troops, 
a  »mall 

to  about 

Ruatown 

brigade 

n.  Rial: 
iOO  men. 
encamp- 
tion  was 
the   I6th 

o  formed 
ounted  in 
re  parties 
nber. 
a,  was  en- 
ly  knowl- 
they  had 

Sen.  Scott 

D.  Bipley, 

Niagara, 


and  at  right  angles  to  the  first.  The  encampment  embraced  the 
Single  formed  by  the  Niagara  and  Chippewaj  which  at  that  place 
formed  a  junctiun.  Across  the  Chippewa  was  a  bridge,  over  which 
General  iScott  had  passed  and  advanced  about  two  miles,  when 
(he  firing  of  musketry  commenced.  Immediately  on  hearing  it, 
Gea.  Ripley  ordered  his  brigade  to  be  formed.  By  the  time  this 
was  effected,  the  report  of  artillery  was  distinguished.  Soon  after, 
orders  were  received  from  Major  Gen.  Brown,  through  some  of  his 
staff,  for  t'le  second  brigade  to  advance  and  reinforce  Gen.  Scott. 
Gen.  Ripley  immediately  on  receiving  the  order,  marched  with  his 
brigade,  across  the  Chippewa,  and  when  about  half  a  mile  in  the 
rear  of  the  scene  of  action,  it  being  then  near  dusk,  despatched  the 
witness  in  advance  to  Major  Gen.  Brown,  to  ascertain  the  situa- 
tion of  the  enemy,  and  what  point  he  should  march  to,  and  form 
his  brigade. 

The  witness  on  his  way  to  General  Brown,  met  his  aid.  Captain 
Spencer,  proceeding  with  orders  to  General  Ripley,  to  form  his 
brigade  in  the  skirts  of  a  wood  on  the  right  of  General  Scott'. . 
The  brigade  accordingly  continued  to  advance,  and  was  in  the  act 
of  forming  the  line,  when  General  Ripley  remarked  to  Col.  Mil- 
ler and  other  commanders  that,  to  form  a  line  in  that  place  would 
be  of  no  consequence,  as  they  could  not  advance  in  liriPy  through 
the  woods— and  they  were  not  then  within  striking  distance  of  the 
enemy. — He  added,  that  he  would  take  upon  himself  the  responsi- 
bility of  moving  further  on  toviards  the  enemy,  before  he  formed. 
The  witness  left  the  brigade  for  a  few  minutes  to  apprize  Gen. 
Brown,  of  this  movement,  but  did  not  find  him,  and  immediately 
rejoined  General  Ripley. 

The  march  from  the  encampment  to  the  scene  of  action  was 
prompt  and  rapid,  and  the  brigade  for  one  half  the  distance  was 
on  a  long  trot  to  keep  with  the  General's  horse. — While  passing 
the  woods  in  pursuance  of  General  Ripley's  determination  to  ad- 
vance, the  fire  of  the  enemy  was  very  heavy,  and  their  shot  and 
shells  fell  about  us  in  great  quantities,  but  was  more  particularly 
directed  at  General  Scott's  brigade  on  the  left,  which  the  second 
was  then  in  the  act  of  passing.  The  imprassion  was,  that  the 
first  brigade  was  at  this  time  suffering  very  severely  from  the 
continued  and  destructive  fire  poured  in  upon  them,  and  General 
Ripley  in  consequence  remarked  to  the  witness  and  Col.  Miller, 
that  he  would  detach  the  21st  regiment^  commanded  by  the  latter, 


I4 


',11 


"if 

m 


•11 1" 


; 


to  carry  the  enemy's  artillery,  adding  that  unless  this  was  done, 
they  would  destroy  our  whole  force,  or  compel  us  to  fall  back. 
It  was  then  completely  dark,  and  though  it  was  known  their  ar- 
tillery was  posted  on  an  eminence,  we  had  no  knowledge  of  their 
number,  or  how  they  were  supported.  The  distance  of  General 
Scott's  line  from  the  enemy,  must  have  been  between  three  and 
four  hundred  yards  at  that  time,  and  there  was  then  no  firing  of 
musketry  from  it. 

After  General  Ripley's  suggestion  to  Col.  Miller,  the  latter 
immediately  made  dispositions  to  execute  it— displayed  his  regi- 
ment by  forming  a  line  on  the  left  of  the  road  nearly  fronting  the 
enemy's  artillery.     General  Ripley,  at  the  same  time  he  gave  the 
order  for  the   ;^l8t  to  storm  the  battery  by  an  attack  in  front, 
directed  ihe  23d  to  forni  in  column,  and  march  against  the  enemy's 
flank.     About  the  time  the  2lst  was  preparing  to  move  as  directed, 
the  witness  met JSeneral  Brown,  who  enquired  for  General  Ripley, 
and  asked  what  dispositions  he  hud  made;  the  witness  informed 
him,  he  approved  of  it,  appeared  qi|ite  elated  with  the  iptelligence, 
and  accompanied  him  to  General  Ripley.     Some  conversation  took 
place  between  them,  and  in  a  very  few  minutes  both  battalion::^  were 
in  motion  ;  the  3lst  commanded  by  Col.  Miller,  the  23d  by  Major 
McFarland,  but  led  by  General  Ripley  in  person. — While  the 
23d  was  advancing  to  operate  against  the  enemy's  flank,  and  about 
150  yards  distance  from  the  height,  they  received  a  fire  in  front 
from  perhaps  50  or  60  musketry  which  threw  them  into  confusion 
for  a  few  minutes,  and  caused  them  to  fall  back  about  dO  or  6Q 
yards.    The  regiment  however  speedily  recovered  and  formed  intq 
column,  sooner  than  he  has  ever  known  one  formed  for  parade- 
though  perhaps  not  with  equal  accuracy.   Some  difficulty  occurred 
in  forming  the  platoons,  in  consequence  of  their  having  been  bro- 
k£n  J  but  their  numbers  were  guessed  at,  and  wheeled  into  column 
with  a  view  to  despatch  and  to  facilitate  the  movement.    The 
whole  was  accomplished  under  the  particular  direction  and  im- 
mediate agency   of  Brigadier  General  Ripley.    His   exertions  to 
effect  it  were  very  great,  and  no  one  could  be  more  active  than 
he  was.  The  whole  interval  from  the  moment  the  fire  was  received 
in  front,  until  the  actual  re-organization  of  the  column  in  readiness 
to  advance,  did  not   exceed  five  minutes.     They  then  marched 
directly  and  displayed  upon  the  enemy's  flank.    While  this  was 
performing  Col.  Miller  had  advanced  pursuant  to  his  orders  against 


^1 


13 


iljie  front,  and  succeeded  in  carrying'tlie  enemy's  battery,  consisting 
of  seven  pieces  of  artillery  ;  to  m it,  two  brass  twenty-fours  and 
smaller  ones.    Having;  passed  thf;  position  where  the  artillery  bad 
been  planted,  Col.   Miller  again  formed  his  line  facing  the  enemy, 
and  engaged  them  within  twenty  paces  distance.     There  appeared 
a  perfect  sheet  of  fire  between  the  two  lines.    While  the  2lst 
was  in  this  situation,  the  33d  attacked  the   enemy's   flank,  and 
advanced  within  twenty  paces  of  it,  before  the  first  volley  was 
discharged  ;  a  measure  adopted  by  command  of  General  Ripley, 
that  the  fire  might  be  effectual  and  more  completely  destructive. 
The  movement  compelled  the  enemy's  flank  to  fall  back  imme- 
diately by  descending  the  hill  out  of  sight ;  upon  which  the  firing 
ceased.    Prior  to  the  fire  of  the  23d,  the  enemy  were  closing  in 
upon  Col.  Miller's  command,  which  appeare<l  to  be  hard  pressed, 
and  as  he  conceived  was  recoiling ;  the  force  opposed  amounting 
to  double  his  number ;  but  by  the  prompt  aid  of  the  2^d,  the  heights 
were  gained,  and  cleared  of  the  enemy.    After  this  was  achieved, 
the  31st  and  33d  formed  iq  line  by  order,  and  under  the  direction 
of  Gen.  Ripley,  leaving  the  batteries  which  had  been  carried  in 
the  rear.    While  thus  circumstanced,  a  detachment  of  the  1st  regi- 
ment, which  consisted  of  from  100  to  200  men,  and  had  remained 
in  the  rear,  joined  them  on  the  heights,  and  was  by  Gen.  Ripley 
formed  into  the  line.     He  could  not  say  what  had  detained  the 
above  detachment  so  long  from  the  scene  of  action. 

Shortly  after  the  line  was  formed.  Gen.  Ripley  sent  him  to  ask 
Gen.  Brown  whether  the  captured  artillery  should  not  be  moved 
off  the  field  towards  Chippewa.  The  witness  met  Gen.  Brown, 
ascending  thp  bill,  and  delivered  his  message  :  The  latter  replied, 
there  were  matters  of  more  importance  to  attend  to  at  that  mo- 
ment, and  he  shpuld  see  Gen.  Ripley  himself.  He  appeared  high- 
ly elated,  and  rode  with  him  to  Gen.  Ripley  ;  but  the  witness  did 
not  hear  the  conversation  which  passed.  The  heights  thus  gained,* 
were  a  very  commanding  position,  and  contained  all  the  enemy's 
artillery,  capable  o{  enfilading  in  every  direction.  AVhile  the  se- 
cond brigade  thus  occupied  the  heights.  Gen.  Scott's  brigade  was 
about  three  hundred  yards  distant,  and  no  enemy  between  them- 
The  firing  froir  it  had  by  this  time  nearly  ceased. 

After  Gen.  Brown's  interview  with  Gei.  Ripley,  he  left  the  hill, 
a?  the  witness  understood,  in  search  of  Gen.  Scott.  The  25th  reg- 
iment then  joined  the  second  brigade,, was  formed  on  the  right, 


% 


:  I 


I 


iit 


I  'g 


.1 


nearly  at  ii§ht  angles  (o  the  23d  regiment,  ils  left  restiiis  on  To^- 
gon's  artillery,  and  disposed  so  as  to  flank  the  enemy  in  case  they 
attaefced.  The  artillery  under  command  of  Major  Hindmatt  and 
Captain  Towson,  had  come  up  but  a  fevv  moments  before,  in  con- 
sequence of  Gen.  Ripley's  request  communicated  by  the  witness  to 
Major  Hindman,  and  complied  with  by  him. 

While  Gen.  Ripley's  line  was  thus  formed  on  the  eminence,  the 
enemy  advanced  upon  it  in  considerable  force— out-flanking  its 
right  and  left,  and  far  exceeding  it  in  numbers.      On  finding  them 
approaching,  Gen.  Ripley  ordered  the  brigade  to  reserve  its  fire 
until  the  enemy's  bayonets  should  touch,  in  preference  to  firing 
first.      This  was  done  with  a  view  to  observe  the  ftas'h  of  their 
muskets,  and  to  take  aim  by  the  assistance  of  their  light.     The 
order  was  obeyed :  the  enemy  advanced  within  ten  or  twelveyardi 
of  our  right,  composed  of  the  23d  regiment.    After  receiving  thetr 
fire,  we  relumed  it :  the  actioii  then  became  general :  a  tremendous 
conflict  ensued  for  about  twenty  minutes  ;   at  the  expiration  of 
M  hicli,  the  eiiemy  gave  way,  and  again  fell  back  out  of  sight.     We 
having  much  the  advantage  of  the  ground,  the  enemy  generally 
fired  over  our  heads,  but  the  continual  blaze  of  light  was  such  as 
to  enable  us  distinctly  to  see  their  buttons.    An  interval  of  half  an 
hour  followed,  when  the  enemy  advanced  a  second  time,  nearly  in 
the  same  manner,  attacked  precisely  in  the  same  point,  but  did  not 
approach  so  near,  before  the  firing  commenced.     Our  left  had  by 
this  time  been  thrown  forward  by  order  of  Gen.  Ripley,  and  the 
'  line  formed  nearly  parallel,  with  the  addition  of  Gen.  Porter's  vol- 
unteers on  the  left,  and  Gen.  Scott  with  the  three  remaining  battal- 
ions on  the  •"•sl'^A- l^yt  ^l^'^/is^ltj.^)'''''^  *•*  situated,  as  not  to  be  en- 
gaged.^C"  r^  cci^juest  was  more  severe,  and  he  thinks.  longer  con-f 
tinned  than  the  last.    The  same  precautions  were  enjoined  by  Gen. 
Ripley,  with  respect  to  his  men  reserving  their  fire,  and  the  recep- 
tion of  the  enemy  was  equally  warm.     Some  part  of  our  right  and 
left  gave  way  j    but  our  centre,  composed  of  the  2lst  Reg.  stood 
firm,  with  the  exception  of  some  platoons  which  also  fell  back  : 
the  enemy    were  repulsed,  and  retired  again  from  the  contest. 
Gen.  Ripley,  in  person,  rallied  the  detachments  which  gave  way 
on  the  right,  and  succeeded  in  bringing  them  back  into  action  be- 
fore the  retreat  of  the  enemy.      An  interval  not  to  exceed  three 
quarters  of  an  hour,  ensued  ;  during  which,  all  was  darkness  and 
silence;  scarce  interrupted  by  a  breath  of  air.  •  The  men  had  nei-o 


id 


ther  water  nor  whiskey  lo  refresh  theraselvei,  after  the  fatigue* 
they  had  eudured. 

The  Court  adjourned  to  Tlednesdayf  the  loth  Mirch,  1815, 11 

o'clock,  A.  M, 

Troy,  March  15, 1816. 
T//C  Court  convened  pursuant  to  adjournment — the  same 
Members  present. 
The  examination  ©f  Capt.  McDonald  being  resumed— He  stat- 
ed. That  at  the  expiration  of  the  interval  last  mentioned,  the  enemy 
advanced  a  third  time  to  recover  their  artillery.    It  was  our  im- 
pression  that  they  had  been  reinforced,  and  this  was  confirmed  by 
prisoners  who  were  taken  at  the  time.     The  advance  of  the  enemy 
was  similar  to  the  two  preceding  ones,  and  the  fire  was  again  open- 
ed by  their  line.    Gen.  Ripley's  brigade  reserved  their  fire  a»  be- 
fore.    The  duration  and  order  of  the  conflict— its  result,  and  the 
retreat  of  the  enemy,  were  in  all  essential  points,  similar  to  the 

last.  «       T»«  1  1 

In  every  attack,  the  enemy  were  repulsed.  Gen.  Ripley  made 
every  possible  exertion  to  inspire  and  encourage  his  troops ;  expos- 
ed his  person  during  the  hottest  of  the  fire  of  the  enemy  ;  and  as 
he  considered,  more  than  was  necessary.  The  witness  several 
times  endeavoured  to  prevail  upon  him  to  retire,  but  without  effect. 
His  perseverance  was  unremitted ;  sometimes  acting  as  file  closer 
as  well  as  commander.  He  gave  his  orders  with  perfect  coolness 
and  deliberation,  and  attended  as  far  as  possible,  to  their  proper 
execution.     The  witness  never  knew  him  more  collected. 

Gen.  Ripley's  position  was  never  more  than  ten  or  twelve  paces 
in  the  iear  of  his  line.  He  received  two  balls  through  his  hat,  and 
kU  horse  was  wounded  daring  the  several  encounters.  He,  Lieut. 
Col.  Nicholas,  and  the  witness,  were  the  only  mounted  officers  ot 

the  second  brig*.*;;. 

After  the  last  attack,  the  second  brigade  for  three  fourths,  or  one 
half  an  hour,  remained  ou  the  hill  with  very  little  change  of 
position :  its  left  was  perhaps  thrown  back.  In  the  interim. 
General  Ripley  despatched  the  witness  with  orders  to  General 
Porter,  to  send  fifty  or  one  hundred  volunteers  of  his  command, 
directing  them  to  report  to  Col.  McRee,  and  remove  the  captured 
artillery  from  the  heights  to  the  camp  on  the  Chippewa.    He  de- 


t 


,! 


id 

livered  the  orders,  saw  the  volunteers  detached,  and  marched  on  the 
hill  — Owitijjto  there  heing  no  drag-ropes  for  the  artillery,  no  hor- 
ses on  the  ground,  and  the  guns  being  unlimhered,  it  was  found  iin- 
praetieable  to  remove  them,  and  the  volunteers  were  then  employed 
in  removing  the  wounded.  Prior  to  the  attempt  to  remove  the 
captured  pieces,  he  saw  Ho  artillery  corps  on  the  ground,  they 
having  retired  in  consequence  of  their  ammunition  being  expend- 
ed and  some  of  their  caissons  blown  up,  by  the  enemy's  rockets 
and  shells. 

On  the  return  ofthe  witness,  after  communicating  the  preceding 
order  to  General  Porter,  preparations  were  made  for  the  second 
brigade  to  retire,  agreeable  to  orders  from  General  Brown,  as  Gen- 
eral Ripley  at  the  time  informed  him.  He  also  stated  that  Gen- 
erals  Brown  and  Scott  were  both  wounded  and  had  left  the  field. 
Our  army  accordingly  retired  unmolested,  and  it  was  his  impression 
at  the  time,  that  the  whole  column  did  not  exceed  700  when  th^ 
retrograde  movement  was  made.  It  was  understood  that  vast  num 
bers  were  employed  in  carrying  oflf  (he  wounded.  Others  had  given 
outfor  want  of  water.  When  the  second  brigade  marched  to  the  field 
of  battle,  they  met  a  considerable  number  of  the  first  brigade  re 
turning  to  camp,  some  slightly  wounded,  and  others  carried  off  by 
those  who  were  uninjured.  Many  wounded  were  left  on  the 
ground  after  the  battle,  they  being  scattered  over  a  considerable 
extent,  and  the  night  dark,  it  was  impossible  to  find  them.  He 
does  not  think  any  wounded  of  Brigadier  General  Ripley's  brigadiL 
were  left  unless  some  who  attempted  to  get  off  without  assistance, 
and  failed.  ' 

When  General  Ripley  gave  the  order  for  the  Army  to  retire,  he 
directed  the  several  commanders  of  battalions  to  collect  all  the 
wounded  J  and  in  the  interval  before  retiring,  he  used  every  exer- 
tion to  have  this  order  properly  executed. 

While  the  army  was  moving  back  and  afterwards,  he  knows 
of  no  other  measures  being  taken  to  furnish  horses,  supply  dra^- 
ropes  and  bring  off  the  artillery  which  remained  on  the  heights 
with  the  exception  of  the  smaller  ones,  which  had  been  rolled  down 
the  hill. 

After  13  o'clock  at  night  the  arn-  regained  their  camp.  The  wit- 
ness added,  that  the  pickets  and  washing  parties  were  not  brought 
"P,  nor  at  all  engaged  during  the  action.  Shortly  after  the  return 
to  camp,  about  one  o'clock,  Major  General  Brown  directed  Briga- 
adier  General  Ripley.* *  The  General  Order  dissolv- 


lied  on  the 
y,  no  hor- 
found  iin- 
employcJ 
move  the 
und,  they 
S(  expend- 
s  rockets 

preceding 
he  second 
I,  as  Gen- 
hat  Gen* 
the  field, 
npression 
vhen  th^ 
^ast  num 
lad  given 
)  the  field 
igade  re 
ied  oft'  by 
ft  on  the 
istderable 
lem.  He 
s  brigade, 
ssistance, 

retire,  he 
t  ail  the 
ery  exer- 

le  knows 
ply  drag- 
5  heightg 
lied  down 

The  wit- 
t  brought 
lie  return 
;d  Briga- 
'  dissolv- 


irig  the  Court,  which  followa,  was  at  this  period  of  tte  investiga- 
tion, received  by  the  President,  and  no  further  testimony  was 
heard. 


i  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  of  tlie  min- 
utes and  proceedings  of  the  Court  of  Inquiry  of  which 
Major-General  H.  Dearborn  was  President,  so  far  as  the 
Court  proceeded  in  the  investigation  of  the  subject 
matter  enjoined  by  the  General  Order  constituting  said 

Court. 

[Signed]  EVERT  A.  BANCKER, 

Jutf^e  Mvocate, 


The  undersigned  officers,  who  served  in  Gen.  Rip- 
ley's brigade  at  the  battle  of  Bridgewater,  do  certify  on 
honor,  that  the  narrative  given  in  the  foregoing  minutcp 
of  Captain  McDonald's  testimony,  corresponds  with  our 
knowledge  and  recollection  of  the  conduct  of  Gen.  Rip 
^,  and  the  operations  of  his  brigade  during  that  action. 

Albany,  March  i7thf  is  15. 

[Signed]  N.  S.  CLARKE, 

Capt  Sf  Brig.  Maj.  2d  Brigade, 

Lieut,  JNO.  P.  LIVINGSTON, 

Adjutant  2nd  Infantry, 

JOHN  W.  HOLDING, 

Lieut  and  Brig.  Major  to  Gen,  Miller, 
and  Adj.  of  the  2istReg.  of  Infantry  <-^  * 
the  Battle  of  Bridgewater. 
3 


18 


ADJVTJimAJ^D  IjySPECTOR  GEKEUAVS  OFFICE, 

4tft  March,  181 S. 

GENERAL  ORDER. 

The  Court  of  inquiry,  of  which  Major-Gen.  Dearborn  is 
President,,  which  wa«  ordered  to  investigate  the  conduct  of  Bnga- 
dier-General  Hiple^,  during  the  last  campaign,  is  discharged  from 
that  service  : 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  having  approved 
his  conduct  by  a  highly  con;pUmentary  resolve,  and  the 
President  being  pleased  to  express  his  favorable  opinion 
of  the  military  character  of  Gen.  Ripley,  he  will  hon- 
ourably resume  his  command. 

By  Order. 

[Signed,]  D.PARKER, 

A.  ♦§•  J.  General 


m; 


Operations  of  Gen.  ScoWs  Brigade  at  Magara, 


A 

t            : 

*' 

i 

Delhi,  January  15th,  1815. 
Dear  Sir, 
At  your  request  I  send  you  a  statement  of  facts  which  transpiwd 
«nder*  my  view  during  the  action  at  the  falls  of  Niagara  on  the 
25th  of  July  last.  By  this,  you  will  be  able  to  ascertain,  if  my 
attendance  and  testimony  will  be  material  at  your  Court  of  Inquiry, 
and  hope  you  will  think  it  may  be  dispensed  with. 

On  that  day  the  left  division  of  the  Northern  Army  lay  at 
Chippewa,  on  the  south  side  of  that  creek,  except  the  ninth  regi- 
ment,  which  was  posted  in  and  near  the  Block-House,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Chippewa,  near  the  junction  of  that  creek  with  the 
Niagara,  iu  advauQe  towards  the  enemy.    It  was  my  lot  to  be  the 


iO 


Id. 


BORN  19 

rBriga- 
;ed  from 

proved 
md  the 
Dpinion 
ill  hon- 


zraK 


iagara» 


\i,  1815. 

transpired 
eira  on  the 
lin,  if  my 
»f  Inquiry, 

ny  lay  at 
linth  regi- 
nthenoith 
k  with  the 
t  to  be  the 


officer  of  the  day.  During  the  day,  the  Captain  commanding 
picket  No.  i,  ou  the  Niagara  foad,  informed  me  he  had  discovered 
the  advance  of  the  enemy  to  consist  of  one  troop  of  the  i9th  light 
dragoons,  and  two  companies  of  infantry. 

With  a  glass,  which  was  at  the  picket,  the  enemy  were  plainly 
seen  across  the  bend  in  the  river,  at  and  near  the  falls.  'I'hey 
were  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Wilson  near  the  falls,  and  many  officers 
in  British  uniform  were  to  be  seen.  These  facts  were  imra^'diately 
related  at  head  quarters.  1  was  told  the  enemy  could  not  be  in 
force,  as  they  had  thrown  a  large  portion  of  their  forces  across 
the  Niagara,  from  Queenstown  to  Lewiston.  It  was  apprehended 
to  be  the  intention  of  the  enemy  to  advance  up  the  river  on  the 
American  side,  to  Schlosser,  where  our  sick,  ammunition  aLi 
other  stores  then  were.  Not  having  the  means  either  of  trans- 
porting these  stores  to  the  west  side  of  the  river,  or  troops  to  the 
other  side  to  defend  them.  Gen.  Scott  was  ordered  to  march  im- 
mediately to  Queenstown,  with  a  view  to  induce  the  enemy  to 
re-cross  the  Niagara.  I  was  immediately  relieved  as  officer  of  the 
day,  and  ordered  by  Gen.  Scott  to  put  my  regiment,  without  delay, 
in  light  marching  order.  This  order  was  obeyed.  And  in  less 
than  fifteen  minutes.  Gen.  Scott's  brigade,  with  Towson's  company 
of  artillery,  and  Captain  Harris  with  a  troop  of  U.  S.  and  vol- 
unteer dragoons  were  on  their  march  for  Queenstown.  Having 
proceeded  down  the  river  about  two  miles  and  an  half,  we  came  in 
sight  of  the  enemy's  advance.  General  Scott,  now  halted  his 
oolomn  which  I  ought  to  have  before  stated  consisted  (in  addition 
to  those  stated)  of  the  ninth  regiment,  and  which  I  had  honor  to 
command.  The  eleventh  regiment  commanded  by  Lt.  CoJ.  (then 
Major)  MeNiel,  the  22d  regiment  commanded  by  Col.  Brady, 
and  the  25th  regiment  comnilioded  by  Col.  (then  Major)  Jessup, 
amounting  in  all,  accordiog  to  the  best  estimate  I  can  now  make, 
to  about  700  men.  The  ninth  eouswted  at  that  time  of  150  rank 
and  file.  ' 

The  enemy  immediately  began  to  retire  before  us ;  but  from 
the  information  of  the  inhabitants,  it  was  thought  they  intended 
to  give  us  battle.  Ger^  al  Scott  now  ordered  me  with  the  ninth 
regiment  to  ths  left  ot  .^^  road,  and  to  keep  within  supporting 
distance  of  the  column  ;  having  gained  my  position,  the  column 
again  moved  forward.  After  marching  in  quick  time  about  half 
a  mile,  and  coming  to  a  narrow  piece  of  woods  north  of  Mrs.  Wil- 


^ 


i 


1       I 

; 

i 

I 

t 

'■  ! 

-i  I 
i 

1       ' 

fon's,  nnd  between  her  house  and  the  village  at  Lundy'g  lane,  the 
enemy  eommenced  a  fire  upon  our  advance,  which  consisted  of 
Captain  Harris's  command,  and  a  company  of  infantry  commanded 
by  that  gallant  officer,  Captain  Pentland,  of  the  32d  infantry. 
The  column  were  again  halted,  and  I  received  orders  to  take  my 
position  with  my  command  in  the  column  of  line.  After  this  order 
wa^  executed.  General  Scott  detached  the  3Bth  regiment  under  the 
command  of  Col.  Jessup  to  the  right,  to  seek  and  attack  the  left 
of  the  enemy's  line.    The  ninth,  twenty-second  and  eleventh  reg- 
iments now  passed  the  advanced  corps  by  order  of  General  Hcott, 
and  moved  into  a  smooth  field  on  the  north  side  of  the  before  men- 
tioned  woods,  and  west  of  the  Niagara  road.    It  was  now  about 
half  past  five  o'clock,  P.  M.  the  enemy  commenced  firing  upon  us 
from   nine  pieces  of  artillery  (two  of  which  were  brass  24  poun- 
ders,) and  within  cannister  distance.  They  also  opened  at  the  same 
lime  a  brjsk  fire  upon  us  from  a  heavy  line  of  infantry  posted  to 
the  right,  and  obliquely  in  front  oi  their  artillery,  often  advancing 
into  tiie  field  so  far  as  to  have  the  rear  of  the  battalion  or  regiment 
in  advance  clear  of  the  woods.     General  Scott,  ordered  "  form 
line  to  the  front."    The  right  of  the  column  being  in  front,  this 
order  was  immediately  executed  by  the  echelon  movement  of  com- 
panies to  the  left.    The  22d  and  11th  regiments  moved  in  column 
until  gaining  their  respective  distances,  formed  line  in  the  same 
manner.    At  about  the  same  time  the  company  of  artillery  under 
the  command  of  Col.   (then  Capt.)  Towson,  an  officer  above  my 
encomium,  was  moved  up  and  formed  on  the  right  of  the  ninth 
regiment,  and  by  its  frequent  and  incessant  discharges  highly  an- 
imated the  spirit  of  the  troops.    Under  this  formation  the  action 
continued  for  nearly  an  hour,  i*en  I  heard  that  the  11th  regiment 
bein-  out  of  ammunition  an*  theft-  gallant  leader  Col.  McNiel 
seve?elv  wounded,  and  all  the  Captains  of  that  regiment  either 
killed  or  wounded,  had  rethred  from  the  field.    These  facts  were 
related  to  me  bv  Capt.  John  Bliss  of  that  regiment,  who  though 
severely  woundid,  gallantly  offered  his  services  to  me,  as  did  also 
Major,  (then  Capt^  Harris,  of  the  Dragoons,  his  command  being 
unable,  from  the  nature  of  the  ground,  to  act.    I  cannot  forbear  to 
mention  that  Lt.  Crawford,  adjutant,  and  Lt.  Sawyer,  as  well  as 
several  other  officers,  whose  names  I  do  not  now  recollect,  of  the 
11th  regiment,  joined  my  command,  and  rendered  me  very  able 
and  essential  se^iees,  particularly  those  gentlemen  whose  names 
'V  have  mentioned. 


SI 


ianc,  the 
isisted  of 
(imanded 
infantry, 
take  my 
bis  order 
inder  the 
the  left 
enth  reg- 
al Hcott, 
ore  men- 
ow  about 
;  upon  us 
24  poun- 
the  Rame 
posted  to 
dvancing 
regiment 
id  "  form 
ront,  this 
it  of  com- 
n  column 
the  same 
ery  under 
above  my 
the  ninth 
liighly  an- 
the  action 
L  regiment 
1.  McNiel 
ent  either 
Racts  were 
lio  though 
,s  did  also 
land  being 
forbear  to 
as  well  as 
ect,  of  the 
very  able 
lose  names 


Soon  after  the  llth  regiment  had  retired,  Col.  Brady  of  the  22d 
regiment  being  severely  wounded,  and  that  regimtnt  haviug  also 
exhausted  its  ammunition,  shared  the  same  fate  with  the  llth,  and 
many  of  the  officers,  as  well  as  rank  and  file,  joined  vhe  standard 
of  the  Oth,  and  fought  the  enemy  with  a  spirit  and  biavery  bor- 
dering upon  desperation.  I  regret  that  the  names  of  thos*  officers 
are  not  at  present  recollected,  and  that  I  have  not  any  documents 
in  my  possession  by  which  1  can  ascertain  them. 

Col.  Towson  finding  from  the  elevated  situation  of  the  enemy's 
artillery  that  he  couid  not  bring  his  artillery  to  bear  upon  them, 
had  nearly  or  quite  ceased  firing,  and  from  at  least  20  minutes  be- 
fore sundown,  the  field  was  contended  for  by  the  enemy  against 
the  9th  regiment  alone,  and  those  who  had  joined  its  standard. 
During  this  time.  Gen.  Scott  sent  his  aid,  Capt.  Worth,  with  or- 
ders to  advance  upon  the  enemy  with  a  view  to  charge  him.  Wo 
ceased  firing,  and  advanced  with  supported  arms,  until  the  order 
was  countermanded  :  probably  in  consequence  of  the  shattered 
condition  of  the  llth  and  3^4  regiments.  Throwing  forward  our 
right  to  meet  the  enemy,  who  were  pressing  very  hard  upon  our 
left,  the  regiment  again  commenced  firing  more  briskly,  if  possible, 
than  before.  A  circumstance  occurred  during  this  time,  which, 
though  highly  gratifying,  fills  me  with  remorse  to  mention ;  and 
nothing  but  the  honor  of  my  corps,  would  induce  me  to  do  so. — 
The  bearer  of  the  battalion  colors  of  the  llth  being  cut  down,  I 
presumed  those  colors  had  fallen  to  the  ground,  and  it  was  the  pe- 
culiar good  fortune  of  Lieut.  Otis  Fisher,  of  the  9th  regiment,  to 
find  and  raise  them,  into  the  hand  of  the  standard  bearer  of  the  9th 
regiment,  who  was  at  that  time  Corporal  Keniston,  senior  Corpo- 
ral of  the  color  guard.  Sergeant  Dewing,  to  whom  they  had  been 
entrusted,  (for  want  of  a  sufficient  number  of  officers,)  having  been 
severely  wounded,  and  compelled  to  leave  the  field. 

Major  Harris  again  came  to  me,  and  offered  me  his  services. 
1  desired  him  to  inform  Gen.  Scott  that  the  rule  for  retreating  was 
fulfilled.  Gen.  Scott  soon  came  and  ordered  me  to  maintain  my 
ground,  and  gave  me  the  pleasing  information  that  Gen.  Brown  was 
approaching  with  Gen.  Ripley's  brigade,  and  Gen.  Porter's  volun- 
teers. 

At  this  moment,  Gen.  Scott's  horse  was  wounded  and  rendered 
useless. 

At  about  9  o'clock,  as  I  suppose  from  the  circumstance  of  its  be- 
ing then  dark,  the  arrival  of  Gen.  Ripley's  brigade  and  oth«r  rein- 
forcements was  announced. 


it 


I 


If 

!i 


At  tlii«  moBient  the  enemy  ceased  their  fire,  and  reiirea  irom 
(he  fiehl. 

General  Srolt  ordered  all  the  men  of  the  1 1th  and  22d  regimenti 
who  could  bo  found,  to  be  collected  and  formed  into  one  battalion. 
While  wp^were  doing  thin,  Gen.  Scott  announced  to  us  the  capture 
of  Maj.  Gen.  Rial  ?  the  men  gave  three  cheer*,  which  drew  a  shell 
from  the  enemy,  which  passed  our  line,  and  exploded  in  the  col- 
umn of  artillery,  commanded  by  Lieut.  Col.  (then  Major)  hi  id- 
man,  and  blew  up  a  caisson  of  ammunition  belonging  to  Captain 
Kitchie's  conjpany. 

A  brisk  and  heavy  fire  of  muskotry  informed  us  that  Gen.  Ripley 
with  his  brigade  had  attacked  the  enemy  on  the  hill  with  a  view 
to  carry  their  paik  of  artillery.  The  firing  on  the  hill  soon  ceased, 
and  the  battalion  composed  of  the  9th,  ilth,and32d  regiments  being 
formed,  the  command  of  it  was  given  to  Col.  Brady,  who  yet  con- 
tinued on  the  field,  though  severely  wounded.  He  was  assisted  by 
Major  Arrowsmith,  of  the  2Sd.  General  Scott's  brigade  major, 
Capt.  Smith  of  the  6th,  and  his  aid-de-camp,  Capt.  Worth,  of  the 
33d,  being  both  severely  wounded,  and  having  left  the  field,  Gan. 
Scott  accepted  an  offer  from  me  to  act  as  his  aid. 

General  Scott  then  formed  the  remainder  of  the  brigade  (except 
the  2ath  regiment)  into  column,  and  moved  across  the  field  in  a 
westerly  direction,  and  formed  them  in  line  on  the  south  side  of  a 
narrow  lane  a  little  to  the  south  of,  and  running  nearly  the  same 
direction  as  Lundy's  lane.  I  was  then  c/  ii.rcd  by  Gen.  Seott,  to 
find  Gen.  Brown,  if  possible,  and  desire  bun  If  d"  orders  <')r  Che 
disposition  of  General  Scott's  brigade,  i  rode  on  the  hiil,  and 
the  enemy  again  commenced  an  attack,  with  a  view  to  regain  their 
artillery ;  but  they  were  soon  repulsed,  and  I  found  Gen.  Brown, 
who  rode  with  me  to  see  Gen.  Scott.  After  Generals  Brown  and 
hsoJ.  had  conversed  a  few  minutes,  I  was  ordered  by  Gen.  Scott 
i  >  th;  2  command  of  the  Consolidated  Battalion  (Col.  Brady  be- 
ing too  much  exhausted  by  the  loss  of  blood  to  command,  though 
he  declined  leaving  the  field.)  My  orders  were  to  march  the  bat- 
talion to  the  top  of  the  hill,  and  form  there  as  a  second  line.  They 
were  formed  in  Lundy's  lane,  with  the  right  towards  the  Niagara 
road ;  and  their  left  in  the  rear  of  the  captured  artillery.  This 
artillery  and  the  American  field  artillery,  under  command  of  Maj. 
Hindman,  occupied  the  summit  of  the  eminence  near  the  old 
church.  Next  on  the  right  of  his  artillery  was  the  22f\  regiment, 
and  then  the  2Sth  regiment  on  the  extreme  right.     On  the  left  of 


I 


the  artillery  was  tlie  21st  regiment,  with  lume  other  troops  eoa- 
snlidtitcil  with  it ;  thea  the  lat  iiit'untry.  Oen.  Porter's  voluuteers 
occupied  the  extreme  left.  The  army  was  thus  situated  when  in* 
formation  was  received,  that  the  enemy  were  again  advancing,  and 
their  near  approach  was  discovered  by  a  sheet  of  tiro  from  both 
armies,  who  were  not  to  exceed  thirty  yards  from  eacli  other,  and 
dearly  in  parallel  lines. 

Gen.  Bcott  having  been  absent  from  us  a  short  time,  for  the 
purpose,  as  I  supposed,  of  ascertaining  the  situation  of  the  enemy, 
returned  and  asked  me  in  a  loud  and  animated  voice,  "  are  thes* 
troops  prepared  for  the  charge,"  and  without  giving  me  time  to 
answer  him,  he  added,  **  Yes,  1  know  they  are  prepared  for  any 
thing,"  and  he  ordered  me  to  form  them  in  close  column,  left  in 
front.  This  being  done,  Oen.  Scott  ordered  "  Forward  and  charge 
my  brave  fellows,"  and  leading  the  column  himself,  we  passed 
I  through  our  line  between  the  pieces  of  our  artillery,  and  came  ia 

contact  with  the  left  of  the  enemy's  line,  a  short  distance  past  the 
centre,  which  immediately  gave  way.  Owing  however  to  the 
darkness  of  the  night  our  column  had  become  in  some  degree 
irregular,  we  passed  the  extreme  left  of  Oen.  Porter's  volunteers, 
and  formed  our  men  in  line.  Gen.  Scott  again  ordered  me  to  fornv 
the  troops  "  in  column  at  half  distance,  right  in  front."  This 
order  being  executed,  Gea.  Scott  again  led  the  column  to  the 
charge  with  a  view  to  turn  the  enemy's  right  flank,  but  finding 
that  flank  supported  by  a  heavy  second  line,  his  charge  was  with- 
drawn. Oen.  Scott  then  passed  through  the  American  line,  and 
joined  Col.  Jessup  with  the  25th  regimenc  on  the  right  of  that 
line,  and  was  there  wounded.  The  remainder  of  Oen.  Scott's 
brigade  were  again  formed  a  small  distance  from  the  left  of  Oen. 
Porter's  volunteers.  This  was  executed  in  the  presence  of  Major 
Gen.  Brown.  He  informs  me  that  he  was  wounded  at  this  period. 
In  executing  formation,  I  received  the  most  essential  services  from 
Lieut.  Cushman,  acting  adjutant  of  the  9th  regiment,  and  Lieut 
Crawford,  adjutant  of  the  11th  regiment.  Lieut,  Brady  of  the 
22d  also  rendered  me  (he  most  substantial  service  on  this  occasion. 
In  my  opinion  he  has  merited  the  particular  attention  of  the  War 
Department,  as  much  as  any  officer  in  the  army. 

This  formation  bting  executed,  Major  Jones,  pssistant  adjutant 
general,  generously  offered  to  ascertain  the  position  of  the  con' 
lendiDg  arimes,  and  uiforB  mQ  at  what  point  the  troops  tli«n 


i 


ii 


I 


I     !i 


under    my    Command    could  be  led  into  action  to  the  ^rcateaf^ 
advantage,  and  without  injury  to  6ur  own  men  of  other  corps. 
Having  been  dismointed  since  the  first  charge,  this  offer  was  of 
the  greatest  service  to  me,  and  most  gladly  did  I  accept  it.  Major 
Jones  then  reconnoitred  in  the  most  gallant  manner,  under  an 
incessant  fire  of  musketry,   the  situation  of  the  American  line, 
and  reported  it  to  me.    From  this  report  I  was  induced  to  lead 
the  Iroops  under  my  Command  to  the  summit  of  the  hill.     Firing 
had  now  ceased  on  both  sides.    The  thickest  and  most  impenetra- 
ble darkness  prevailed.    All  was  still,  and  nofbing  to  be  heard 
but  the  groans  of  the  wounded  and  dying.    Moving  forward  to 
gain  the  summit  of  the  hill,  I  was  hailed  by  Gen.  Scott,  who 
informed  me  of  his  wounds,  and  orderod  me  to  push  forward  and 
join  the  20th  regiment,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Jessup,  who 
was  also  severely  wounded.    Gen.  Scott  informed  me,  he  was 
then  compelled  by  the  severity  of  his  wounds  to  retire  from  the 
field,  and  ordered  me  in  case  .the  enemy  should  again  return  to 
the  contest,  to  seek  an  opportunity  to  charge,  and  drive  them 
from  the  field   with  the  bayonet    In  a  short  time  after.  Gen. 
Brown  hailed  me,  and  inquired  for  Gen.  Scott.    I  informed  him 
that  he  was  wounded  and  gone  from  the  field.    He  then  informed 
me  of  his  own  wounds,  and  said   he  must  also  retire,  and  that  I 
must  look  to  Gen.  Ripley  for  orders,  as   the  command  of  course 
devolved  on  him.    I  then  moved  on,  and  formed  my  men  on  the 
right  of  the  25th  regiment,  and  the  extreme  right  of  the  American 
line.     Col.  Jessup  and  myself  now  had  some  conversation  as  to  our 
own  situation  and  that  of  the  army.     His  command  and  my  own 
were  consolidated,  and  consisted  of  all  the  effective  men  of  the 
first  brigade  remaining  on  the  field  which  I  do  not  think  excseded 
130  or  200  men  exclusive  of  officers.    The  men  were  exhausted 
with  fatigue  and  the  want  of  water.    The  enemy  had  retired  front 
the  field,  but  in  what  direction  was  not  known.    From  the  length 
of  their  lines  which  we  had  during  the  action  discovered  by  our  own 
and  their  fire,  we  had  reason  to  believe  they  were  far  superior  to 
us  in  numbers.    To  refresh  our  men  on  the  field  would  be  hazar- 
dous in  the  extreme,  and  we  were  liable  to  be  flanked  on  our  left, 
and  cut  off  from  our  camp  at  Chippewa.    Under  these  circum- 
stances, not  knowing  the  situation  of  General  Ripley's  brigade  or 
General  Porter's  corps,  it  was  decidedly  my  opinion  that  the  army 
ought  to  return  to  their  camp  at  Chippewa.    Col.  Jegsup  express- 


f;rcateaf^ 
!r  corps. 
•  was  of 
,  Major 
nder  an 
2an  line, 
I  to  lead 
Firing 
penetra- 
)e  heard 
ward  to 
ott,  who 
t'ard  and 
iup,  who 

he  was 
from  the 
return  to 
Ve  them 
ler,  Gen. 
med  him 
informed 
id  that  I 
sf  course 
in  on  the 
iLmericaii 
as  to  our 

my  own 
in  of  the 
excseded 
txhausted 
ired  front 
le  length 
f  our  own 
iperior  to 
be  hazar- 

our  left, 
9  circum- 
rigade  or 
the  army 
>  express* 


S3 

^d  to  m^  the  same  opinion.  lie  also  directed  me  to  take  com" 
tnand  of  the  troops  of  the  first  brigade  while  lie  went  in  search  of 
General  Ripley  for  orders  and  inforniation.  Col.  Jessup  sufl'ering 
the  most  excrutiating  pain  from  his  wounds,  and  it  being  excessive- 
ly dark,  was  unable  to  find  General  Ripley,  and  soon  returned  to 
me,  and  again  took  command  of  the  troops,  and  directed  me  to 
find  General  Ripley,  if  possible,  and  obtain  orders  and  information 
as  to  the  intended  course  of  operations.  I  soon  found  General 
Ripley,  and  informed  him  of  my  wish,  and  my  directions  from  Col. 
Jessup.  General  Ripley  inquired  the  strength  and  situation  of 
the  first  brigade,  and  while  doing  so,  a  person  rode  up  to  General 
Ripley,  with  orders  from  Gen.  Brown  (as  I  understood.)  General 
Ripley  then  told  me  he  had  received  orders  from  Major-Gcneral 
Brown,  to  collect  the  wounded  and  return  with  those,  and  the  ar- 
my, to  the  camp  at  Chippewa.  Gen.  Ripley  then  gave  me  order!* 
to  the  same  eff'eet,  as  it  respected  the  first  brigade.  His  informa- 
tion and  order  was  immediately  communicated  by  me  to  Col,  Jes- 
sup. He  feeling  that  the  action  was  over,  and  suflering  severely 
from  his  wounds,  did  what  most  men  would  have  sooner  done  :  he 
gave  to  me  the  command  of  the  troops  of  the  first  brigade,  and  re- 
tired from  the  field.  He  however  continued  near  us,  and  proba- 
bly would  have  Joined  us,  hud  we  been  attacked.  All  the  wound- 
ed who  could  befmnd  on  and  near  the  field  were  put  into  waggons, 
which  had  been  sent  from  the  camp  atChippe.v^  lor  that  purpose, 
and  sent  oflf.  Gen.  Ripley ,was  very  particular  ip  his  orders,  that 
the  movement  of  the  troops  should  be  conducted  with  resrularity 
and  order,  and  so  far  as  came  to  my  knowledge,  his  orders  were 
strictly  obeyed.  Not  a  shot  was  fired  from  the  enemy,  and  our 
troops  moved  in  as  good  order,  and  with  as  much  regularity /ro?nj 
as  to  the  field,  and  arrived  at  Chippewa  between  one  and  two  on 
the  morning  of  the  26th. 

During  tbe  whole  of  thfs  night,  as  well  during  the  action  as  after 
it,  I  was  impressed  with  a  high  sense  of  the  merit  of  General 
Ripley  as  a  soldier,  and  the  gallantry  of  his  brigade  in  capturing 
the  enemy's  artillery.  He  manifested  on  that  occasion,  while  in 
conversation  with  me,  all  that  coolness  and  deliberution  for  which 
he  has  become  distinguished,  aud  which  was  so  peculiarly  necessary 
at  a  moment  big  with  the  fate  of  the  army  uuder  his  command, 
and  the  honor  and  glory  of  the  American  arms. 

Having  a  hope  that  this  statement  may,  at  some  day,  appear  to 


■4' 


'ili 


I 


26 

(lie  world  as  an  honest  relation  of  facts,  I  should  do  great  iujusticr 
to  my  feelings  did  1  not  mention  the  gallant  conduct  of  Capt.  Pent- 
land,  of  the  22A  regiment.  Soon  after  the  commencement  of  the 
action,  he  brought  his  company  (which  had  been  the  advance  of 
Gen.  Scott's  brigade)  into  action,  on  my  right.  This  was  done  in 
the  most  brave  and  soldierly  manner.  His  example  and  conversa- 
tion had  the  most  beneficial  eftect  during  the  warmest  of  the  ac- 
tion, and  contributed  greatly  to  keep  the  men  steady  and  active  in 
their  duty. 

As  to  thi  9th  regiment,  which  on  that  occasion  I  had  the  honor 
to  command,  I  cannot  make  particular  distinction  as  to  the  merits 
of  individuals.  Every  man  in  the  regiment,  from  the  highest  to 
the  lowest,  gave  me  the  most  perfect  satisfaction.  They  main- 
tained th»ir  ground  against  an  overwhelming  superiority  of  force, 
in  a  manner  which  has  seldom  been  excelled  for  gallantry  in  any 
age  or  country.  It  has  been  stated  that  their  numbers  were  but 
±50  rank  and  file  when  they  entered  the  field ;  and  it  will  appear 
from  the  official  return  of  killed  and  wounded,  that  1-28,  including 
every  officer  with  the  regiment,  were  included  in  that  report.  It 
is  due  to  the  memory  of  Lieut.  Burghardt,  who  was  killed  at  the 
close  of  the  action,  to  say  that  he  particularly  distingu  ished  him- 
self, by  continuing  to  do  his  duty  in  the  most  able  manner,  after 
being  severely  wounded  in  the  left  side,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  action,  although  he  bled  freely,  and  was  advised  by  me  several 
times  to  go  to  the  rear,  he  declined  to  do  so,  and  continued  with 
me  until  he  was  shot  through  the  breast  in  the  last  charge. 

On  the  morning  of  the  26th,  at  about  7  or  6  o'clock.  Col.  Gard- 
ner, adjutant-general,  came  to  me  with  an  order  to  make  a  field  re- 
port, stating  the  strength  of  the  first  brigade,  and  to  prepare  thent 
to  march,  and  take  possession  of  the  field  of  battle  immediately. 
I  immediately  took  measures  to  ascertain  the  strength  of  the  sever- 
al regiments.  The  ninth  regiment  I  counted  myself,  and  recollect 
its  effective  force  was  64  men.  The  strength  of  the  other  regiments 
1  do  not  recollect.  My  impression  now  is,  that  the  whole  strength 
of  the  brigade,  exclusive  of  attendants  on  the  wounded,  and  the 
details  for  guard  then  on  duty,  did  not  exceed  5  or  600  men.  The 
troops  were  formed,  and  took  up  the  line  of  march  at  about  nine 
o'clock.  After  crossing  the  Chippewa,  I  received  orders  from 
Gen.  Ripley,  to  take  possession  of  the  works  at  Chippewa  with 
the  first  brigade;  which  wai  done  by  bridging  the  ditch  on  the 


:  111 

I  ill 


ay 


fiiouih  side  of  the  breastwork,  thereby  making  a  platform  for  th'# 
men  to  stand  upon. 

From  what  I  saw  of  our  forces,  whieh  I  do  not  think  at  that 
time  exceeded  15  or  1600  men  ;  and  from  what  I  had  seen  of  the 
enemy's  force  the  preceding  evening,  J  did  think  it  the  most 
eonsummatel  folly  to  attempt  to  regain  possession  of  the  field  of 
hatth — and  every  officer  with  whom  I  conversed,  among  whom 
were  many  of  the  first  distinction,  expressed  their  astonishment  at 
such  an  attempt^  and  their  surprise  that  every  exertion  was  not 
made  immediately  to  take  up  the  line  of  march  for  Fort  Erie. 
The  troops  however  re-crossed  the  Chippewa  at  about  12  o'clock, 
and  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Fort  Erie.  We  arrived  and 
encamped  in  good  order,  in  the  field  opposite  the  Black  Rock  ferry, 
on  the  evening  of  the  26th  July. 

The  march  from  Chippewa  to  Fort  Erie,  was  made  in  the  most 
perfect  order,  nor  was  any  thing  left  behind  us  which  could  be  of 
any  advantage  to  the  enemy. 

AYith  the  highest  esteem  and  respect, 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir, 
your  obedient  servant, 
[Signed]  H.  LEAVKNWORTH, 

Colonel  V.  S.  Jirmy. 


Note.  It  is  to  be  understood  that  Major  Arrowamith,  of  the 
22d  regiment,  rendered  me  every  service  during  the  atition,  and 
after  the  command  of  the  brigade  devolved  on  me,  which  his  short 
acquaintance  with  the  troops  would  admit.  He  joined  the  brii;ada 
either  a  few  minutes  before  or  after  the  commencement  of  the 
action. 


Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Brig.  Gen.  James  Miller  to  a  friend 

in  Boston. 


Sir, 


Fort  Erie,  Sept.  4th,  1814. 


I  improve  the  opportunity  which  a  short  indulgence  from  duty 
allows,  of  hastily  communicating  to  you  the  occurrences  of  the 
action  of  theSdth,  and  the  present  situation  of  the  army,  which  is 
mvf  closely  invested  by  the  enemy  a.  *ii8  post. 


I 


88 


i 


On  (lie  25(Ii  Gen.  fecolt  was  detached  Iroui  our  position  nt 
Oliippoua  by  Gen.  Brown,  with  directions  to  occupy  Queenstown. 
He  marched  with  his  own  brigade,  and  in  two  hours  the  sound  ol* 
his  musketry  informed  ns  that  he  was  ch)sely  engaged  with  the 
enemy.  At  this  time,  tlie  2d  brigade  and  other  corps  were  quietly 
remiiining  in  camp.  All  immediately  marched,  without  calling  Id 
our  pi«iuets  and  other  parties,  to  the  support  of  the  1st  brigade— 
"We  found  them  at  the  distance  of  three  miles,  gallantly  support- 
ing a  most  unequal  conflict.  Our  arrival  was  a  little  past  sun-set^ 
and  soon  changed  the  aspect  of  the  field. 

The  enemy's  artillery  was  advantageously  posted  upon  an  emi- 
nence commanding   the   plain.     The  destruction  which  it  dealt 
tlirough  our  ranks,  suggested  the  imperious  necessity  of  carrying 
tile  height.     Tliis  G(Mieral  Uipley  directed  to  be  done  with  his  own 
hrigaf^t; — t!ie  21st  regiment*  advanced  and  charged  the  battery  in 
front :  he  led  the  2.3d  upon  their  jtank — both  these  regiments  pres- 
scnt,  were  If  ss  than  7()(>  men.     The  movement  was  performed  in 
the  most  heroic  manner  by  both  regiments,  and  in  a  few  minutes  vve 
found  our.«e!ves  in  possession  ofthe  whole  park,  consisting  of  seven 
j»ieces,  and  t!ie  enemy  was  routed  in  every  direction.     But  his  line 
was  soon  formed  in  rear  ofthe  artillery,  and  several  most  desperate 
charges  were  made  to  regain  the  ground  and  artillery,  from  which 
he  had  been  driven  ;  he  was  repulsed  as  often  as  the  attempt  was  re- 
newed, with  great  slaughter.   During  two  or  three  charges  the  eon- 
test  was  carried  on  by  the  Jtl  brigade.  Gen.  Porter  soon  brought  up 
his  command  to  support  it  ;  and  Lieut.  Col.  Jessup,  with  the  2i1th 
regiment,  also  arrived  at  the  same  point.     The  action  closed  at  11 
o'clock,  and  we  found  ourselves  in  complete  possession  of  the  field, 
the  enemy  having  been  driven  at  every  point.     We  remained  near 
an  hour,  \>hen  Gen.  Brown  ordered  General  Ripley  to  retire  to  the 
camp — this  movement  was  etfccted  in  perfect  order,  but  through 
some  unfortunate  circumstance,  the  trophies  of  our  victory,  the  ar- 
tillery, were  not  carried  oft'.  As  General  Brown  remained  in  com- 
mand upon  the  field  until  we  retired,  I  do  not  consider  General 
Ripley    in  the  least  accountable  for  this  neglect,  more  especially 
as  I  understood  that  the  order  was  to   retire  immediately.    Some 
have  shewn  a  disposition  to  detract  from  the  merit  of  Gen.  Ripley, 
and  to  charge   upon  him  the  commission  of  all  the  errors  which 

•  (Jeneral  Miller  nt  this  time  commanded  the  2Ist  reglirent,  and  led  it  to 
ihis  charge. 


I       ' 


S9 

4)4icurrv<^d.  I  am,  however,  fully  satiafied  of  his  good  conduct  genr 
crally  as  an  officer,  as  well  as  of  his  discernment  and  ability  in  the 
field  on  this  day. 


■I 


Albany,  20th  March,  iSUi. 
jfirigadier  General  Rjpf.Erf 
Sir, 

Agreeably  to  your  request,  I  will  state  to  the  best  of  my 
recollection,  the  amount  of  the  order  given  you  by  Major  General 
Brown,  in  his  own  tent,  about  1  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  26th 
July,  1814,  and  of  some  conversation  that  took  place,  between  the 
General  and  myself,  at  Judge  Barker's,  some  days  after  you  had 
taken  your  position  with  the  army,  then  under  your  command,  at 
Fort  Erie. 

After  the  troops  had  retired  from  the  field  of  battle,  on  the 
night  of  the  2dth  of  July,  to  their  encampment  at  Chippewa,  I  ae> 
companied  Brigadier  Gen.  Ripley,  to  Major  Gen.  Brown's  tent. 
General  Brown  was  then  confined  to  his  bunk,  in  consequence  of  a 
wound  received  on  that  occasion— considerable  conversation  took 
place  respecting  the  battle,  and  of  the  relative  strength  of  the  two 
armies  ;  both  were  of  opinion  that  there  was  not  much  difference 
in  our  loss,  but  were  of  opinion  that  that  of  the  enemy  was  greater 
than  our  own,  as  many  of  their  valuable  officers  had  been  captured, 
aud  were  then  in  our  possession.  Gen.  Brown  ordered  Gen.  Ripley 
to  have  the  troops  refreshed,  and  at  reveille  in  the  morning  to  take 
up  his  march  for  the  field  of  battle,  and  that  if  the  enemy  appear- 
ed in  force,  to  be  governed  entirely  by  circumstances. 

Gen.  Brown,  at  Judge  Barker's,  sometime  between  the  5th  and 
10th  of  August,  asked  me  many  questions  respecting  the  battle  of 
Niagara.  After  relating  to  him  the  circumstances  which  came 
under  my  own  view,  the  General  expressed  his  pleasure  at  our 
recollectionn  having  served  sc  correctly,  and  that  to  Gen.  Ripley 
he  was  under  strong  obligations,  for  to  his  gallantry  and  uniformly 
good  conduct  he  was  indebted  for  the  safety  of  the  army. 


(Signed) 


w.  McDonald, 

Captain  i9th  Infantry. 


80 


Certificate  of  Major  S.  Burhank. 

I  certify  on  honor  that  I  was  an  officer  in  Gen.  Ripley's  brigadt 
at  the  battle  of  Bridgewater  on  the  25th  July,  1814 ;  that  I  belong- 
ed to  the  3l8t  regiment  under  the  command  of  Col.  James  Miller; 
that  when  the  brigade  arrived  within  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
yards  of  the  enemy's  park  of  artillery,  I  heard  Gen.  Ripley  give 
orders  to  Col.  Miller  to  advance  uith  the  21st  regiment  and 
charge  the  enemy's  battery.  Gen.  Brown  was  not  present  at  the 
time  the  above  order  was  given. 

I  further  testify,  that  I  have  seen  Capt.  McDonaWs  statement, 
given  before  a  Court  of  Inquiry  at  Troy,  and  so  far  as  my  knowl« 
edge  extends,  the  facts  are  correctly  stated. 

(Signed)  S.  BURBANK, 

Major  by  brevet)  U.  S.  Army. 

Boston^  June)  1819. 


1 

f  I 


Troy,  (N.  Y.)  March  13th,  Iftlff; 
Gen.  Riflet, 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  state  to  you,  that  a  few  minutes  after  the 
close  of  the  action  of  the  25th  of  July,  1814,  near  the  falls  of  the 
Niagara,  on  returning  to  the  heights  at  Lundy's  lane,  from  which 
I  had  a  few  minutes  before  been  absent.  I  overtook  Capt.  Austin, 
the  senior  aid-de-camp  of  Major  Gen.  Brown,  who  was  in  quest  of 
jrou;  and  fearing  himself  that  he  should  not  be  able  to  find  you, 
he  requested  me  to  bear  an  order  to  you,  which  he  had  in  charge 
from  Gen.  Brown,  and  which  he  delivered  to  me  in  the  following 
words :  viz.  « that  Gen.  Ripley  after  collecting  and  sending  off 
the  wounded,  would  retire  in  good  order,  and  in  ease  the  enemy 
pressed  upon  him,  would  face  about  and  fight  him."  Agreeably 
to  the  request  I  delivered  the  order  to  you  on  the  heights. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 
With  the  greatest  respect, 

Your  obedient  and  humble  servant, 
(Signed)  N.  S.  CLARKE, 

CapU  iith  Inf.  Brigade  Jdt^or, 


81 


3ir, 


Sacket's  Harbor,  &th  March,  isifi* 


brlgadft 
[  belong- 

Mitler; 
and  fiftj 
►ley  give 
lent  and 
at  at  tbft 

atementy 
f  knowl« 

^> 

Sf.  Army. 


l&tff; 


after  the 
Is  of  the 
tn  which 
.  Austin^ 
quest  of 
find  you, 
a  charge 
nllouiiig 
idiog  off 
B  enemy 
greeablj 


In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  shall  state  to  you  such  facte 
as  come  within  my  recollection,  that  transpired  at  the  battle  of 
Bridgewater,  U.  Canada. 

On  the  night  of  the  i»5th  July,  1814,  at  the  battle  of  Bridge- 
water,  Major  Austin,  aid  to  Major  Gen.  Brown,  gave  orders  to 
Brigade  Major  Clarke  and  myself  to  communicate  to  Gen.  Uiplcy 
that  Generals  Brown  and  Scott  were  wounded,  and  the  command 
devolved  on  Gen.  Ripley ;  and  that  it  was  Gen.  Brown's  orders 
that  Gen.  Hipley  should  march  the  troops  from  the  field  of  action 
to  the  mouth  of  Chippewa  Creek,  where  the  army  had  eneamped 
previous  to  the  battle,  without  delay  j  and  if  he  w  as  attacked  in 
making  his  retreat,  he  should  defend  himself.  This  order  we  re- 
ceived  at  the  White  House,  about  half  a  mile  from  where  the 
battle  was  fought.  We  accordingly  made  all  haste  to  inform  yon 
ef  this  order,  which  order  Brigade  Major  Clarke  communicated 
to  you,  Sir,  in  my  presence.  Previous  however  to  your  receiving 
this  order,  tliere  were,  I  should  say,  ten  or  twelve  waggons  going 
to  the  field  of  battle,  to  carry  off  the  wounded  :  they  had  arrived 
as  far  as  the  White  House,  when  they  were  ordered  not  to  proceed 
»ny  further,  but  to  return  to  camp.  I  cannot  say  who  gave  th» 
order  for  them  not  to  proceed  any  further. 

Your  most  obedient, 

Most  humble  servant, 

(Signed)  JNO.  P.  LIVINGSTON. 

Mju.  >nt  2Sd  Inf. 


e  Jd(^or, 


Statement  of  Lieut.  Col.  Hindmati. 

After  the  enemy  was  repulsed  (at  Bridgewater)  the  last  time  bjr 
Qur  troops  on  the  hill,  I  rode  to  the  rear  to  bring  up  my  spar* 
ammunition  waggons.  On  my  return  with  them  I  met  Gen.  Brown, 
who  gave  me  orders  to  the  following  effect :  *<  Collect  your  artil- 
lery as  well  as  you  can,  and  retire  immediately;  we  shall  all 
march  to  camp."  He  observed,  that  we  had  done  as  much  as 
ygo  could  de^  that  nearly  all  ear  eflioers  were  killed  or  wea)ided; 


32t 


h 


that  he  himself  was  wouuded,  and  he  thought  it  hest  to  retire  (t» 
camp.    I  proceeded  to  execute  my  orders.    The  firing  had  ceased 
In  my  opinion  not  more  than  fifteen  hundred  men  could  have  been 
collected  in  our  eamp  for  battle  on  the  morning  of  the  26th  July. 

(Signed)  J.  HINDiMAN, 

Brev.  Lt,  Col.  U.  S.  Ji.  commandinir 
*irtil.  on  the  nDTiagara  Frontier. 


6Vr, 


Sacket's  Harbor,  March  15th,  1815. 


In  answer  to  your  inquiries  relative  to  the  action  of  the  25th 
July,  at  Bridgewater,  I  would  observe  that  being  at  that  time 
severely  indisposed  with  the  fever  and  ague,  I  had  an  opportunity 
of  witnessing  but  few  of  the  movements  or  transactions  of  the  day. 
I  can  state,  however,  that  Brig.  Gen.  Scott  crossed  the  Chippewa 
River  with  his  brigade  (about  900  strong,)  in  the  afternoon  of  the 
25th,  about  two  hours  before  sunset,  and  marched  down  the  Nia- 
gara.   That  about  sunset,  while  the  troops  were  paraded  for  roll 
call,  a  heavy  fire  of  musketry  was  heard  from  the  direction  Gen. 
Scott  had   marched  ;  that  the  second  brigade  was  immediately 
formed,  and  marched  with  the  greatest  expedition  to  reinforce 
Gen.  Scott.    Immediately  after  the  second  brigade  had  marched, 
I  collected  about  fifty  men  of  the  21st  and  33d  regiments,  most 
of  whom  had  returned  to  camp  from  washing,  and  other  parties, 
on  hearing  the  firing,  and  followed  with  as  much  expedition  as 
possible.     On  arriving  near  the  field  of  action,  and  being  unsuc- 
cessful in  attempting  to  join  my  brigade,  I  saw  the  adjutant  gene- 
ral, who  ordered  me  to  remain  with  my  detachment  on  the  ground, 
(I  had  halted  till  I  was  conducted  to  it,)  and  in  the  mean  time  ta 
prevent  the  soldiers  returning  to  eamp.    About  eleven  o'clock  at 
night,  as  Major  Gen.  Brown  was  returning  to  camp,  ha  observed 
io  me  that  our  troops  were  about  withdrawing  from  the  field,  and 
ordered  me  to  remain  with  my  detachment  where  I  then  was  till 
they  had  passed,  and  then  follow  them  to  the  camp.    Soon  after 
the  troops  passed  in  good  order,  under  the  command  of  Gen. 
Ripley,  to  the  best  of  my  judgment  about  600;  and  I  with  my 


to  relirc  fo 
had  ceased. 
I  have  been 
!  26th  July. 

wimandins 
a  Frontier. 


83 

detachment  followed  agreeably  to  orders,  aod  the  whole  arrived 
m  camp  about  12  o'clock  at  night. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  MORRILL  M.\RSTON, 

^  .     ^       „  JSrevet  Major  aist  Inf. 

Brig.Oen.E.W.mpky. 


h,  1815. 

f  the  20tb 
that  time 
opportunity 
of  the  day. 
Chippewa 
ioon  of  the 
n  the  Nia- 
led  for  roll 
ction  Gen. 
iiniediately 
>  reinforce 
I  marched, 
ents,  most 
Jr  parties, 
tediliun  as 
ing  unsuc- 
itant  gene- 
lie  ground, 
n  time  ta 
o'clock  at 
J  observed 
field,  and 
m  was  till 
Soon  after 
I  of  Gen. 
[  with  my 


On  the  morning  of  the  33th  July,  1814,  the  American  armv. 
under  the  command  of  Major  Gen.  Brown,  being  then  encampe.! 
at  Chippewa,  U.C.  I  was  detailed  and  assigned  to  the  command! 
of  a  piquet,  which  agreeably  to  the  directions  I  received,  was  poste.! 
on  the  lower  side  of  the  Chippewa  creek,  near  the  banks  of  the 
Niagara  river,  on  the  road  leading  from  Chippewa  to  Queenstowa 
heights,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  encampment. 

Between  8  and  9  o'clock,  a.  m.  I  discovered  a  part  of  the  enemy 
on  an  eminence  near  the  fulls,  a  mile  and  a  half,  or  two  miles  in 
advance  of  the  piquet.     The  party  was  stationary,  and  continued 
so  during  the  day.    Of  this  1  gave  immediate  notice  to  the  officer 
of  the  day.     Between  13  and  1  o'clock,  a  few  of  the  enemy's  dra- 
goons  approached  very  near  the  piquets,  and  were  fired  on  by  some 
men  concealed  in  advance;  and  frequently  in  different  directions 
small  parties  of  the  enemy  were  observable  from  the  piquets,  of 
which  the  officer  of  the  day  was  informed  ;  who,  when  he  visited 
the  piquet  observed,  that  the  information  he  had  received  wa«* 
eommunicated  to  the  General,  who  ridiculed  the  idea  that  the  enc 
my  wert  in  force  near  tJie  falls. 

Between  0  and  r,  o'clock,  p.  m.  General  Scott  with  hisbrigad.-. 
marched  past  the  piquet  on  the  road  to  Queenstown.  The  parii.  - 
«f  the  enemy  in  view  retired  at  his  approach. 

Near  the  falls,  and  on  the  ground  occupied  by  the  enemy,  ( ^ 
heretofore  mentioned)  Gen.  Scott's  advance  were  fired  on,  and  a 
few  mmutes  after,  the  action  became  general.  Captain  Spencer 
General  Brown's  aid,  rode  up  and  inquired  "where  was  the  firingf 
and  when  informed  returned  to  camp.  Having  received  orders,  I 
moved  with  the  piquet  to  join  Gen.  Scott,  and  not  far  in  my  rear 
was  the  2d  brigade,  under  General  Ripley,    The  movements  dur 

9 


V 


3'h 

i»i5  ihe  remainder  of  the  battle,  are  detailed  in  Captikiii  McDon. 
aid's  testimony,  which,  as  far  as  my  knowled|;e  extends,  h  correct. 
General  Ripley  was  singularly  'n-ave  and  active. 

[Signed]  A.  W.  ODELL, 

Capt.  23d  Infantry. 


'.'!•■: 


>•     ':> 


Sir, 


PiTTSTOwN,  Ren«ellaer  Connty,  (N  Y.) 
20th  March,  1815. 


In  conformity  to  your  wishes,  as  expressed  to  me  at  our 
last  interview,  !  avail  myself  of  the  present  opportunity  (the  ear- 
liest that  has  since  occurred.)  to  detail  such -of  the  crents  as 
eame  under  my  observation,  in  which  you  had  an  official  agencv, 
or  personal  interest,  at  thu  action  of  Bridgewater  on  the  ','0th  Juiy 
fast ;  together  with  the  relative  situation  of  the  two  armies  on  the 
morning  subsequt^nt  to  that  sanguinary  conflict. 

The  testimony  of  your  aid,  Capt.  McDonald,  before  the  court 
of  inquiry  convened  to  investigate  your  conduct  at  Troy,  is  so  ac- 
curate, full,  and  luminous,  that  a  repetition  would  be  superflu- 
ous. 

I  shall  content  myself,  therefore,  at  present,  with  declaring  that 
so  far  as  my  observation  extended,  the  narrative  of  Capt.  McDo- 
nald contains  a  faithful  and  correct   statement  of  facts  relating 
to  the  operations  of  your  brigade,  and  of  the  army,  after  you 
assumed  the  command,  from  the  commencement  to  the  termination 
of  the   action  ;    excepting,  that  the  witness  was,  in  my  opinion, 
generally  incorrect  in   his  estimate  of  distances  ;   which  would,  I 
think,  have  approximated  nearer  to  accuracy,  if  he  had  substitu- 
ted feet  for  yards.      During  the  action  1  was  a  witness  to  your 
indefatigable  zeal  and  activity.     When  hostilities  had  ceased  for 
the  night,  I  well  recollect  your  anxiety  to  render  the  victory  com- 
plete, byseeuring  the  enemy's  artillery;  and  when  that  was  found  to 
be  impracticable,  your  humanity,  as  exemplified  in  your  attention 
to  the  wounded,  was  no  less  conspicuous  than  your  valor  io  the 
field. 


i    I  ■• 


>  McDon* 
in  correct. 


rifantry. 


,  1810. 

le  at  our 
(the  ear- 
Tents  as 
agency, 
;5th  July 
es  on  the 

he  court 
is  so  ac- 
superflu- 

ring  that 
McDo- 
reiating 
fter  you 
nination 
opinion, 
would,  I 
substitu- 
to  your 
ised  for 
ry  com- 
pound to 
ttention 
10  the 


89 

On  the  return  of  the  army  to  camp,  the  corpn  to  which  T  belong- 
ed was  stdtioned  at  the  brid^p  on  the  opposile  si.le  of  the  Chippe- 
wa, to  guard  that  pa><H  from  surprise.  Just  ufler  the  dawn  of 
day  on  the  next  morning,  ih«  arn  was  put  in  motion  ;  but  ihc 
sun  had  acquired  a  considerable  elevation,  before  our  column  hud 
taken  up  a  line  of  uinrch  toward*  the  ground  occupied  by  us,  tho 
preceeding  night.  In  tbi«  interval  justice  compels  me  to  say,  that 
your  exertions  were  unremitted  to  arrange,  concentrate,  and  pre- 
cipitate yoar  force  upon  the  enemy,  with  the  least  possible  delay. 
A  variety  of  causes,  ho-.vever,  tended  to  retard  the  fulfilment  of  your 
designs  and  wishes  ;  among  which  the  death  or  disability  of  many 
of  our  ablest  offieers,  the  extreme  fatigue  of  the  troops,  and  the  dis- 
persed  and  deranged  state  of  the  different  corps,  may  be  enumerate 
ed.  Corroborative  of  the  latter  estimation,  I  shall  remark,  that, 
of  the  company  which  1  commanded,  consisting  of  forty-five  effec- 
tives on  the  field,  of  whicli  seventeen  only  wer^j  killed  or  wounded, 
I  was  able  to  muster  but  nine,  on  the  return  of  our  regiment  to 
Chippewa  bridge  the  preceding  night. 

Having  proceeded  about  half  a  mile  on  the  Queenstown  road,  I 
was  ordered  (by  Gen  Ripley)  in  conjunction  with  Lieut.  Riddle, 
of  the  iSth  infantry,  to  proceed  with  our  respective  companies 
through  the  woods  on  our  left,  advance  towards  the  enemy,  and 
reconnoitre  his  position,  strength  and  movements.  His  order  was 
executed.  On  unmasking  from  the  woods,  we  discovered  the  en- 
emy posted  on  a  height,  about  a  mile  in  advance  of  the  ground 
where  we  left  him.  His  whole  battery  was  planted  on  an  eminenco 
upon  the  right  of  the  road  j  his  left  extended  in  line,  so  far  as  I 
could  see,  through  an  orchard  towards  the  Niagara,  bv  which  that 
flank  was  undoubtedly  protected.  His  right  was  in  column  near 
the  battery,  in  force,  apparently  more  than  sufficient  when  display- 
ed into  line,  to  extend  to  a  wood,  difficult  to  be  penetrated.  Tho 
column  and  line  of  the  enemy  was  in  British  artillery  and  infantry 
uniform.  I  saw  no  dragoons,  (a  few  videttes  and  patroles  except- 
ed) no  Glengarians,  militia  nor  Indians.  The  enemy's  numbers, 
which  I  endeavored  to  ascertain  with  as  great  degree  of  compar- 
ative accuracy  as  possible,  must  have  been  at  least,  one  quarter, 
or  one  third  part  greater  than  your  whole  eflfective  force.  His 
position  was  commanding,  his  flanks  well  covered,  his  centre  im- 
penetrable, unassailable,  and  it  would,  in  my  humble  opinion,  have 
been  an  act  of  rashness  bordering  on  insanity,  to  have  attempted 


ad 

an  attack  nu  a  veteran  fue,  possessing  every  advaDtugC;  cxcenliuv 
zeal,  intelligence,  and  intrepidity. 

1  am,  General, 

Your  sincerely  and  faithfully 
devoted  fri(  ud  and  servant, 
[Signed]  SAMUKL  TAFM'AN, 

ist.  Lt.  2'6d  reg,  U.  S.  Inf, 
General  Riplev* 


Sir, 


Albany,  Makok  I6tli,  1810, 


You  requested  my  opinion  as  to  tlie  British  force  opposed  to  us 
at  the  battle  of  the  Niagara  Falls,  See.  I  have  ascertained  from 
a  number  of  intelligent  friends,  in  and  from  Canada,  as  well  as 
from  my  family,  which  left  Rurlington  on  the  12th  of  October  last, 
that  the  British  force  at  the  battle  of  the  Niogara  Falls,  including 
militia  and  Indians,  amounted  to  nearly  five  thousand ;  the  militia 
from  the  District  of  London,  from  the  Home  District,  and  the 
District  of  Niagara,  were  called  out  j  the  latter  were  called  out 
en  masse.  After  the  militia  being  discharged,  by  a  General  Order 
of  Drumniondj,  the  regular  force  that  afterwards  appeared  oppo- 
site Black-Rock,  drawn  up  in  their  separate  lines,  appeared,  in  my 
opinion,  to  be  about  three  thousand  strong.  Information  from  Can- 
ada since,  confirms  me  in  that  opinion. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be 

Your  obedient  humble  servant, 

[Signed,]  AB'M.  MARKLE,  -        -    - 

Major,  U.  S.  Army. 
General  Ripley. 


Boston,  June  9th,  1813, 
Dear  General ^ 

1  LAST  evening  mentioned  that  J,  while  a  prisoner  of  war, had 
made  some  minutes  of  v\hat  I  saw  and  heard  respecting^he  force 
of  the  enemy  on  the  25th  of  July  last  :  I  find  that  1  hav«  left  them 
at  my  father's  at  Rehoboth.    1  will  therefore  state  from  recolleo-r 


87 

HUB,  the  situation  as  well  as  the  force  of  the  enemy,  as  far  as  they 
fell  under  my  ubservatinn. 

I  wos  ttiktMi  hy  the  I03«l  regiment,  who  wore  formed  on  the  left  of 
General  Riapit  brii^ada,  nearly  at  right  uugleH,  with  their  left 
thrown  forward  :  there  appeared  to  be  on  this  wing  about  two 
regiments.  There  was  a  column  of  troops  between  the  river  and 
the  height,  and  as  1  supposed  on  (be  Queenstown  road.  1  also  saw 
a  column  of  men  on  the  twelve  mile  creek  road,  with  their  front 
nearly  opposite  to  Lundy's  bouse,  at  least  one  thousand  msn  ;  they 
were  standing  at  case,  and  had  not  been  in  any  part  of  the  action  ; 
in  their  rear  were  militia  and  Indians.  1  also  saw  about  two 
hundred  mounted  Indians.  1  remained  nearly  an  hour  in  the  rear 
of  their  line,  say  fifty  paces,  and  then  wua  taken  to  12  mile  crrek, 
where  1  arrived,  the  sun  about  two  hours  high,  in  the  morning.  I 
was  there  informed  by  oftlccrs  who  were  wounded  ul  Chippewa, 
that  the  reinforcement  under  General  Drummond  amounted  to  four 
thousand,  but  they  might  have  spoken  in  round  numbers.  But 
from  a  conversation  with  Col.  Talbot,  at  40  mile  creek,  four  days 
{ifler  the  action,  the  reinforcement  would  stand  thus: — regulars  two 
thousand  jive  hundred^  militia  and  Indians  one  thousand. 

General  RiaPs  force  is  as  well  known  to  you  as  to  me,  and  per* 
haps  better.  1  met  three  detachments  (»f  men  on  my  way  to  Kings- 
ton ;  two  near  York,  and  one  near  Kingston,  of  about  five  hundred 
men  each  :  and  a  detachment  at  Kingston  to  march  in  a  few  days. 

I  am,  with  high  respect, 
[Signed]  DAVID  PERRY, 

Capt,  5th.  Inf, 

Bri^.  Gen.  E.  W.  Ridley. 


I,  John  Castello,  a  private  soldier  in  the  grenadier  company  of 
the  British  104th  regiment,  state,  that  I  arrived  with  my  regiment 
and  the  89th,  at  the  12  mile  creek,  on  the  24th  of  July,  from  Kings- 
ton. The  89th,  103d,  and  flank  companies  of  the  104th  reg.  march- 
ed together  from  the  12  mile  creek,  on  the  2dth,  and  came  up  with 
the  British  army,  then  engaged  at  Lundy's  lane  with  the  Ameri- 
cans. Wo  arrived  at  half  past  9  o'clock  in  the  evening.  After 
the  action  was  closed  the  British  army  lay  during  the  remainder 
of  the  night  in  Lundy'a  lane,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the 


1 

I 


I 


88 

heights — toward*  the  Niagara  river.  Before  sun-rise  oi  the 
siorning  of  the  26th,  the  whole  array  wa^  paraded — there  were  at 
least  3400  British  troops  in  the  add  at  that  time. 

[Signed]  JOHN  >i'    CASTELLO. 

mark. 
Albany,  March  2lst,  1815, 


■'1^ 


We  certify,  that  the  above  named  John  Castello,  made  and  suit 
scribed  the  foregoing  statement  in  our  presence. 

[Signed]  JAMES  C.  BRONOUGH, 

Hospital  Surgeon,  U.  S,  Ji, 
[Signed]  A.  W.  ODELL, 

Capt.  2Zd  Infantry f 


.iT.;; 


t 

li  HI 


The  following  is  the  statement  ofSergeau-  Dean  ff'aymouth,  of  the 

late  2lst  regiment  infantry,  respecting  the  state  of  the  enem^fs 

forces  at,  and  after  the  close  of  the  action  of  the  25th  of  July^ 

1814,  at  JViagara,  in  which  he  was  wounded  and  made  prisoner. 

Previous  to  the  close  of  the  action  of  the  iSth  July,  18t4,  at 
Niagara,  a  rejn^'orcement  of  2000  men  from  Kingston,  joined  the 
enemy  on  the  battle  ground — at  the  termination  of  whicli  he  retired, 
with  a  force  estimated  at  i5000  strong,  about  half  a  mile  down 
Lundy's  lane,  and  encamped  until  the  next  morning  at  day  light, 
when  he  drew  up  his  forces  in  three  lines,  viz.  front,  rear  and 
reserve — the  former  on  the  plain,  the  two  latter  in  the  woods.  At 
9  o'clock,  A.  M.  this  army  moved  up  to,  and  covered  the  battle 
ground,  where  the  above  named  Sergeant  lay  wounded,  from 
whence,  they  removed  the  cannon  left  the  night  previous,— and  re- 
mained, shewing  readiness  to  renew  tlie  action,  about  one  hour,  at 
the  same  time  reconnoitreing  the  American  army,  until  they  dis- 
covered from  it,  a  d!&|^osition  not  to' meet  them, — when  the  enemy 
moved  forward  bis  whole  force,  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile^ 
where  he  remained  till  afternoon,  whence  he  retired  to  the  battle 
ground,  and  continned  two  days  before  he  moved  towards  the  posi* 
tion  of  the  American  army,  which  ^as  ^t  Fort  Brie,  by  reason  ef 
the  destruction  of  Chippewa  bridge. 


10  1  the 
t  were  at 


and  suit 

JGH, 

7.  S, .% 

ntrtfr 


th,  of  the 

enemifs 

of  July^ 

prisoner, 

18 14,  at 
oined  the 
e  retired, 
ile  down 
ay  light, 
rear  and 
ads.  At 
le  battle 
}d,  from 
-and  re- 
liour,  at 
they  dis- 
le  enemy 
a  mile^ 
le  battle 
the  posi- 
reasen  ef 


8d 

The  enemy^  army  was  said  to  have  retired,  not  knowing  the 
position  of  the  \merican  army,  to.avoid  stratagem,  until  day-light, 
when  they  confidently  expected  with  their  addkional  ^r«e,  hav- 
ing drained  forts  George  and  Niagara,  to  renew  the  action  sue- 
cessfuUy. 

The  above  was  taken,  at  the  request  of  Major  General  Riploy^ 
early  in  the  month  of  June  last. 

[Signed]  JAMES  T.  B.  ROMAYNE, 

Major,  U.  S.  A, 
Brigade  Inspector. 
Boston,  Auc.  7th,  181^. 


Events  after  the  Betreat  to  Fort  Erie, 

On  the  26th  of  July  the  army  retrograded  on  Fort 
Erie,  and  encamped  opposite  to  Black  Rock.  This 
movement  received  the  express  sanction  of  Maj.  Gen. 
Brown.  On  the  27th  Gen,  Ripley,  contrary  to  the 
opinions  of  the  engineers,  directed  the  troops  to  assume 
the  position  on  the  left  of  Fort  Erie.  He  issued  an 
order  to  Lieut.  Col.  Towson  to  build  a  battery  on 
Snake  Hill,  (which  covered  the  left  of  the  poshion,) 
taking  the  opinion  of  the  engineers  as  respected  its 
construction.  He  also  directed  in  person  the  positions 
where  the  lines  were  to  be  drawn.  Col.  McRee  in  the 
first  instance  thought  it  not  necessary  to  entrench  at  all ; 
and  at  first  his  opinion  preferred  the  heights  opposite 
Black  Rock.  It  is  believed,  although  there  were 
many  conflicting  opinions  at  the  time,  that  not  an 
ofiicer  of  the  army  can  now  be  found,  who  will  assert 
that  General  Ripley  could  have  hazarded  a  batde  with 
the  enemy  on  the  26th  of  July,  without  assuredly  losing 
thj2  army ;  for  in  less  than  five  days,  a  force  more  than 


40 


double  our  number  invested  us,  notwithstanding  the 
militia^nd^dijns^had  been,  discharged,  and  the  gar- 
risons ordered  from  Forts  George  and  Niagara. 


Captain  Kirby^s  Certificate, 


"'■':  <■ 


In  compliance  with  the  request  of  Gen.  Ripley,  I  certify  to  the 
following  statement  of  occurrences  on  tl  Niagara  frontier,  subse- 
quent to  the  action  at  the  Falls  on  the  25th  of  J    y  last. 

The  army  had  assumed  its  position  at  Erie,  and  from  the  27th 
was  employed,  under  th^  command  and  direction  of  Gen.  Ripley, 
in  completing  the  defences  of  that  post.  On  this  duty  every  man 
not  on  guard  was  engaged  until  about  the  dth  or  6th  of  August, 
when  Gen.  Gaines  arrived  and  assumed  the  command.  Withiit 
this  period  much  labor  had  ])een  performed,  as  the  different  parties 
had  relieved  each  other  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  work  was 
carried  on  as  well  by  night  as  during  the  day.  Fort  Erie,  which 
protected  the  right  flank  of  the  camp,  had  been  much  improved  ; 
a  redoubt  had  been  thrown  up  on  Snake  Hill,  which  covered  the 
left ;  and  these  works  had  been  connected  by  a  line  of  intrench- 
ments  and  abbatis  that  formed  the  front.  The  lake  was  in  our 
rear.  Gen.  Gaines,  after  hts  arrival,  made  no  alteration  in  these 
dispositions. 

The  enemy  did  not  appear  in  force  until  the  3d  of  August,  when 
he  drove  in  our  piquets,  effected  a  reconnoisance  of  the  camp,  and 
made  preparations  for  its  investment. 

On  the  30th  of  July  I  was  sent  by  Gen.  Ripley,  with  some  com- 
munication, to  Gen.  Brown  at  Buffaloe.  While  with  Gen.  Brown 
he  spoke  of  the  action  of  the  25th,  and  in  the  course  of  his 
remarks,  mentioned  in  high  terms  the  good  conduct  of  the  second 
brigade,  particularly  of  the  2lst  regiment  belonging  to  that  brig- 
ade, and  expressed  his  approbation  of  the  conduct  of  Gen.  Ripley 
on  that  occasion. 

At  day  light  on  the  morning  of  the  13th  of  August,  the  enemy 
opened  a  new  battery  on  the  fort  and  camp,  firing  hot  shot  and 


41 


jl^ells  :  iliU  cannonade  was  vigorously  continued  through  Ihat 
day,  night,  and  succeeding  day.     At  this  time  Gen.  Ripley  com- 
manded the  left  wing ;  and  as  expectations  were  entertained  of  an 
assault,  much  vigilance  was  exercised  to  guard  against  a  surprise. 
It  was  an  order  to  keep  one  third  of  the  men,  exclusive  of  the 
regular  guafd*',  standing  in  the  works  through  the  night ;  audit 
was  the  constant  practice  of  Gen.  Ripley  to  be  either  himself 
awake,  or  when  he  slept  to  employ  one  of  his  staff  in  watching 
all  that  occurred,  and  in  continually  visiting  the  difterent  parts  of 
his  command.     On  the  night  succeeding  the   14lh,  I  was  called 
by  him  at  11  o'clock,  with  directions  to  be  particularly  observing, 
as  he  was  apprehensive  of  an  attack  before  morning.     About  half 
past  twelve,  the  fire  of  the  enemy  slackened,  and  in  an  hour  had 
entirely  ceased.    I  called  Gen.  Ripley,  and  notified  him  of  the 
circumstance.     As  their  shot  passed  through  the  camp,  and  would 
have  annoyed  a  column  of  their  own  in  its   approach  upon  this 
flank,  and  as  this  cessation  of  fire  might  have  the  etfect  of  putting 
our  men  off  their  guard,  and  from  other  indications.  Gen.  Ripley 
told  me  that  he  was  satisfied  that  the  enemy  meditated  an  attack. 
He  immediately  ordered  the  brigade  to  be  formed  in  the  lines ;  and 
after  having  seen  the  men  turned  out,  directed  me  to  report  to 
Gen.  Gaines  his  belief  that  the  enemy  were  in  motion.    I  proceed- 
ed to  head-quftrters,  and  found  the  Geueral,  together  with  his  aid, 
Capt.  Harris,  in  the  act  of  mounting  their  horses.   I  communicated 
my  message,  and  he  turned  towards  the  left  flank  of  the  camp, 
where,  before  our  arrival,  the  attack  had  commenced.  It  continued 
in  separate  charges  for  18  or  20  minutes,  when  the  enemy  was 
repulsed  with  great  loss,  leaving  IdO  prisoners  in  our  possession. 
T!>e  attack  on  the  right  flank  did  not  begin  till  about  the  close  of 
ihe  a^'tion  on  the  left;  and  I  believe  that  the  troops  had  not  been 
alarmed,  or  turned  out,  previous  to  the  firing  of  the  second  brigade 
on  their  left.    The  left  of  our  position  was  esteemed  the  weakest 
point,  and  we  afterwards  ascertained  that  the  strongest  column  of 
the  enemv  advanced  upon  it. 

During  the  period  occupied  in  the  assault,  the  command  o£ 
G6u.  Ripley  was  at  all  times  in  order;  reinforcements  were  sent 
to  different  points  without  confusion  ;  and  the  enemy  were, 
promptly  met,  and  overpowered  with  ease. 

(Signed)  REYNOLD  M-  KIRIIY, 

„lld-Je-Caiitp, 
A iBANY,  March  20th,  1815. 


4;& 


i 


Major  TV.  S.  Foster's  CcrUJlcaic. 

In  compliance  \\\i\\  the  request  of  Gen.  Uiplcy,  I  ecrlify  that  on 
the  27th  day  of  July,  1811, 1  took  the  command  ef  the  n?mnins  ol" 
the  11th  regiment,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  for  duly  (inchiding 
those  who  were  washing  on  the  day  of  action  at  Bridgewater,  and 
who  were  not  engaged,  and  sixty  men  of  my  company  w  ho  were 
with  me  at  Sclilosser,  and  some  fifteen  or  twenty  men  who  escaped 
from  the  action  of  the  SSth  of  July,  1814,)  to  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  or  tliirty  men :  That  on  the  27th  of  July  the  army^ 
under  the  command  of  Gen.  Ripley,  took  up  its  position  at  Fort 
Erie ;  the  right  of  the  army  rested  at  the  Fort,  the  left  at  a  place 
known  afterwards  by  the  name  of  Snake  Hill.  The  enemy,  far 
superior  in  numbers,  was  near  us,  and  an  immediate  attack 
was  expected  from  the  27th  of  July  to  the  6th  day  of  August. 
The  General  was  indefatigable  in  erecting  works  to  defend  (if 
possible)  his  position  against  the  expected  attack.  The  work 
was  carried  on  without  cessation,  as  well  by  night  as  day,  by 
officers  as  w  ell  as  men.  The  fort  was  much  strengthened,  and 
defended  the  right  flank  of  the  army.  A  strong  redoubt  was 
thrown  up  for  the  protection  of  the  loft  flank.  The  centre  of  the 
army  was  protected  by  a  breastwork,  ditch,  and  a  double  row  of 
abbatis:  Ibis  breastwork  connected  the  fort  with  Snake  Hill. 

On  the  3d  of  August  the  enemy  attacked  and   drove   in   our 
piquets,  and  reconnoitred  oui-  camp   and  works :  he   chose  how 
ever   rather  to  make    his  approaches  regularly  than  to  attack 
and  cany  the  position  by  stoini. 

On  the  (ith  or  7tlj  of  August  Gen.  Gaines  arrived,  and  look 
the  command  of  the  luiny  :  no  alteration  of  Gen.  Ripley's  work:,, 
for  the  defence  of  the  army,  was  directed  by  him :  but  they  were 
ordered  to  be  completed  as  soon  as  possible.  On  the  night  follow  • 
ing  the  12th  of  August,  two  of  the  throe  schooners  then  at  Krif, 
were  cut  out  by  the  enemy,  and  drifted  down  the  river.  These 
schooners  annoyed  the  enemy  very  much  by  their  fire  upon  his 
working  parties,  and  assisted  us  in  the  defence  of  the  place.  On 
the  13th  of  August  the  enemy  opened  his  batteries,  Avith  bombs, 
shot,  &,c.  and  continued  his  fire  until  almost  dusk,  on  the  14tli, 
when  one  of  our  caissons  was  blown  up  by  a  hot  shot :  from  its 
being  near  the  Fort,  the  enemy  supposed  it  to  be  our  principal 


43 


y  that  o» 
i^mniiis  oi" 
iiicliHUn;^ 
atcr,  and 
I  ho  were 
0  escaped 
(Irt'd  and 
lie  anny^ 
ri  at  Fort 
X  a  phicu 
iiemy,  far 
e  attaclv 
'  August, 
efcnd  (if 
'he  work 
day,  by 
?ned,  and 
ouht  was 
tre  of  the 
[e  row  oi' 
lill. 

c  in   our 
lose  how 
to  attack 

and  look 

's  workii, 

they  werr^ 

ht  follow  . 

n  at  Krk'. 

1'.     These 

upon  hi'* 

luce.     On 

th  bombs. 

tlie  14th, 

from  its 

principal 


itia^^azine :  he  intmediately  mounted  \ui  works  and  gave  three 
cheers.  From  the  eirenmstanee  of  his  being  elated  at  the  exph)- 
«ion  of  the  caisson,  from  the  weatjier  being  favorable,  and  from 
his  keeping  up  his  tire,  with  little  intermission,  until  hall'  past  12 
o'clock  on  that  night,  many  were  induced  to  believe  (as  was  the 
case)  that  we  should  be  attacked  before  light.  The  attack  com- 
menced on  the  left  tlauk,  which  was  defended  by  General  Ripley's 
brigade,  commanded  by  him.  His  brigade  was  in  good  order,  and 
hy  being  prepared  and  having  no  confusion,  he  was  enabled  to 
repel  their  determined  and  repeated  attacks,  and  to  make  about 
ICO  prisoners,  without  assistance  from  any  other  division  of  the 
army. 

The  reason  why  I  have  mentioned  the  regular  order  of  the 
General's  brigade,  and  that  there  was  no  confusion,  was  owing  to 
the  positive  knowledge  of  these  facts,  from  my  position  in  the 
command  of  the  11th  regiment,  which  placed  me  so  near  as  to  be 
perfectly  able  to  hear  all  words  of  command  given,  in  his  brigade, 
as  well  as  in  the  enemy's  column. 

This  column,  which  the  General  defeated,  was  supposed  to  be 
the  greatest  that  moved  against  us. 


(Signed) 


WM.  S.  FOSTER, 

J^Iajor  V.  S.  j3r»n/. 


Col.  Uindman's  Statement. 


After  the  enemy  was  repulsed  at  Bridgewater  the  last  time  by 
'^ur  troops  on  the  hill,  I  rode  to  the  rear  to  bring  up  my  spare  am- 
munition waggons.  On  my  return  with  them,  I  met  Gen.  Brown, 
who  gave  me  orders  to  the  following  effect :  "  Collect  your  artil- 
lery as  well  as  you  can  and  retire  immediately,  we  shall  all  march 
to  camp.'^  He  observed  that  we  had  done  as  much  as  we  (fould 
do  ',  that  nearly  all  our  officers  were  killed  or  wounded  ;  that  he 
himself  was  wounded,  and  he  thought  it  best  to  retire  to  camp. 
I  proceeded  to  execute  my  orders — the  firing  had  ceased — When 
upon  the  hill  with  the  troops,  I  inquired  for  General  Ripley,  to 


■■y»' 


44 

(ifiiiimuuiciito  llie  orders  1  had  received.  I  did  nut  see  Hen.  Uiplej 
ut  that  time. 

InunedTutely  after  this,  I  turned  my  attention  to  getting  off  the 
niciny's  brass  24  ponnder,  and  for  this  jiurpose  detached  Lieut. 
Fontaine,  of  the  ar'.iUery,  v  :  ,>  rdcrs  to  cake  it  from  the  fiehl,  and 
afterwards  ordered  Lieut,  j  ",  of  the  artillery  to  assist  him. 

I  then  rode  to  (he  bottom  oi  ,,ie  hill,  and  after  great  difficulty, 
procured  some  liorsea,  and  at  the  same  time  ordered  several  wag- 
gons to  (he  top  of  the  hill,  to  bring  off  t!ie  wounded.  On  my  re- 
turn to  tlie  gun,  some  of  the  waggons  having  previously  reached 
the  hill,  I  discovered  the  gun  and  waggons  in  possession  of  the 
enemy  ;  some  of  the  men  and  horses  were  captured — I  left  the 
iield  at  (he  same  time.  When  1  reached  the  troops  on  their  return 
to  camp,  Lieut.  Fontaine  informed  me,  that  I  had  left  him  but  a 
tew  minutes,  before  the  enemy  charged  his  little  party  at  the  gun, 
Wid  made  them  all  prisoners.  He  escaped  by  dashing  through 
their  ranks  on  liorr «back,  it  being  dark. 

In  my  opinion,  not  mor€  than  fifteen  hundred  men,  could  have 
been  collected  in  our  camp  for  battle,  on  the  morning  of  the  26th 
of  July. 

(Signed)  J.  HINDMAN, 

Brevet  Lieut.  Col.  U.  S.  J. 


Major  IlarrU's  Slatement. 


Sir, 


Boston,  August  23, 1815. 


In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  have  the  honor  of  stating  to 
you  the  conversation  which  passed  between  myself  and  that  highly 
distinguished  officer,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Towson,  of  the  artillery. 
When  he  retired  from  the  field,  at  the  close  of  the  action  at  Niaga- 
ra, I  asked  him  if  the  enemy's  pieces  could  not  be  brought  off; 
he  replied  that  he  had  no  horses  ;  I  offered  him  those  of  my  troop — 
he  asked  if  I  had  harnesses ;  answering  him  in  the  negative,  he 


I  ■'' 


43 


II.  Uiplej 

g  off  the 
ed  Lieut, 
field,  and 
ssist  iiim. 
ilifllculty, 
eral  wag- 
►n  my  re- 
y  reached 
on  of  the 
■I  left  the 
eir  return 
him  but  a 
the  gun, 
;  through 

ould  have 
the  26th 


17.  S.Ji. 


observed,  it  was  then  impossible  to  bring  them  off.     Our  force  the 
next  morning,  I  presume,  did  not  exceed  1500  men. 

Your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  SAMUEL  D.  HARRIS, 

Brevet  Major  Artillery j 
late  Captain  Regiment  Dragoons. 


Statement  of  a  British  Officer, 

Albany,  March  17, 1815. 

I  eerUf^)  that  Gapt.  Loring^  aid-de-eamp  to  Gen.  Drummond  of 
the  British  army,  and  prisoner  at  war  to  the  U.  States,  informed 
me  in  the  month  of  January  last,  that  Gen.  Drummond  had  about 
two  thousand  infantry,  and  four  or  five  hundred  light  dragoons, 
which  were  not  brought  into  action  at  Bridgewater,  near  Niagara 
Falls,  on  the  2dth  of  July.  He  also  stated,  that  the  two  thousand 
infantry  were  a  part  of  the  reinforcement  from  Kingston^  and 
arrived  at  Bridgewater  sometime  after  the  action  commenced, 

(Signed,)  WM.  BROWNING, 

Capt.  9th  Infantry. 


J,  1815. 


stating  to 
lat  highly 

artillery, 
at  Niaga- 
)ught  off ; 
ly  troop — 
native,  he 


I 


40 

It  was  c-qxctcd  by  the  nation  that  General  Ripley 
M  oirid  be  inimcdiatcly  placed  in  arrest  for  the  disobe- 
dkncc  of  orders  stated  in  Gen.  Brown's  report  of  the 
Vtli  of  August.  Instead  of  that,  Gen.  Ripley  received 
the  following  communication  : 


8ir, 


Head-Quarters,  Caledonia, 
IStli  August,  1814. 


Von  have  permission  to  be  absent  for  eio;ht  iveeks, — at  the  end 
of  which  you  will  please  to  report  to  the  Commanding  General  on 
this  frontier  in  person. 

Ji//  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  Brown. 
With  great  respect, 
(Signed)  C.  K.  GARDNER, 

Brig.  Gen.  E.  W.  Rivley,  /  Jldjutant  General. 

Fort  Erie. 

In  May  last,  Gen.  Brown  wrote  a  letter,  which  was 
shewn  to  Gen.  Ripley  by  Mr.  Dallas,  acting  secretary 
at  war  ;  the  substance  of  it  is  given  from  recollec- 
tion. 


I- 


Washington  City,  May,  1813, 
Hon.  Alex.  J.  Dallas, 

Sir, 

My  report  of  (he  7(h  August  created  an  impression,  in  relation 
to  Gen.  I*ipley,  which  I  by  no  means  intended.  1  did  not  intend 
to  implicate  his  courage,  his  talents,  or  his  zeal. 

h\  that  report  1  stated,  that  I  had  given  him  orders  to  meet  and 
boat  the  enemy  on  (he  morning  of  the  26th  July.  This  order  was 
not  ijiven  until  after  the  command  of  the  army  had  entirely  devolv- 
ed uj)on  Gen.  Hiplcy ;  and  I  am  fully  convinced,  that  circum- 
fttanees  afterwards  occurred,  to  satisfy  the  judgment  of  Gen.  Rip- 
iey  that  (be  order  could  not  be  executed. 

.Justice  to  myself,  as  well  as  to  the  army,  requires  that  I  should 
make  this  statement. 

(Signed)  .TACOB  BROWN. 


!.  <. 


47 

This  is  the  substance  of  a  letter  whicVi  was  wiiUtu 
to  the  war  department.  Without  resortins^  to  extraor. 
dinary  reasons,  which  never  existed,  the  letter  at  once 
illustrates  the  motives  of  Gen.  Ripley's  conduct  in  rela- 
tion to  Gen.  Brown.  Previously  to  the  writing  of  it, 
Gen.  Ripley  had  no  intercourse  with  Gen.  Broun, 
farther  than  was  rendered  necessary  by  military  etiquette. 
Had  the  letter  been  made  public,  the  necessity  for  this 
developement  would  not  have  existed, 


I 


■.! 


APPENDl*. 


■..^  ! 


It  14  a  painful  task  to  scrutinize  the  action  of  Niagara ;  it 
shall  be  done  briefly,  and  only  in  relation  to  the  enemy's  artillery ; 
attempts  having  been  made,  by  some  oflicers  attached  to  the 
General  Staff,  to  throw  the  censure  of  its  not  being  removed  upon 
Gen.  Ri|)ley. 

The  artillery  vas  captured.  That  it  should  at  once  have  been 
removed  to  the  rear  is  obvious ;  this  could  have  been  eifected  in  one 
hour,merely  by  ordering  up  the  spare  horses  that  were  with  our  reserve 
of  artillery.  It  then  would  not  have  been  subject  to  contingencies. 
Instead  of  that,  less  than  half  our  force  was  defending  it  in  a 
most  desperate  manner :  that  force  by  killed,  wounded  and  strag- 
glers continually  lessened:  the  enemy  was  reinforced, and  when 
fie  retired  from  the  contest,  simply  retreated  under  the  hill, 
about  200  yards  from  our  line.  Our  force  had  become  so  diminished, 
that  the  :ast  charge  compelled  the  whole  line  to  recoil,  and  it  was 
with  unexampled  difficulty  that  it  was  rallied.  It  had  become  re- 
duced  to  not  more  than  six  hundred,  exhausted  an(^  almost  without 
officers.  Gen.  Brown  remained  on  the  ground  (not  on  the  height, 
but  in  the  roar)  in  command.  His  wound  was  a  flesh  wound  in 
the  thigh,  which  did  not  dismount  him.  Under  thvse  circumstances 
Gen.  Uipley  first  discovered  our  own  artillery  t  j  be  gone,  and  in 
full  march  toward  Chippewa  ; — in  consequence,  as  he  afterwards 
learnt,  of  orders  from  Gen.  Brown  to  Col.  Hindman.  Next  came 
a  peremptory  order  to  collect  the  wounded  and  retire.  Gen.  Ripley 
was  satisfied  that  Ins  troops  could  not  M'ithstand  another  charge.  He 
attempted  to  remove  the  artillery  by  means  of  detachments.  It 
was  unavailing.  Under  these  circumstances  was  he  to  obey  or  dis- 
obey the  order  .?  Had  he  disobeyed  it,  and  been  destroyed  by 
another  charge,  what  would  have  been  the  consequences  to  him- 
self personally  and  to  the  army  ?  His  force  was  too  weak  to  admit 
of  assuming  that  responsibility  by  a  delay ;  and  no  military  man 
eonid  have  done  it. 

When  Gen.  Brown  ordered  Col.  Hindm<in  "  to  get  off  his 
artillery  as  well  as  he  could,"  he  mii^ht  have  ordered  him  to  take 
his  pieces  to  the  rear;  and  then  return  with  !iis  hordes  and  har- 
ness and  remove  the  artillery  of  the  enemy  ;  but  previously  to 


APPENDIX. 

Oen.  Ripley^s  being  ordered  to  retire,  all  our  artillery  had  b»-eii 
marched  fur  Chippewa,  and  it  was  not  till  ten  daytt  after,  tlnit 
Oen.  Riuley  ascertained  hy  whose   orders. 

It  will  be  observed,  that  oi|r  force  was  almost  demolished  in 
defending  the  captureti  artillery.  In  this  consisted  the  radical 
error.  Either  when  the  artillery  was  CiintHred,  we  should  have 
determined  to  sleep  upon  the  biittle-f^round,  in  which  case  all  our 
8trag^ler•,  piquets,  and  fatigue  parties  in  camp  should  have  been 
brought  up, — or  the  artillery  should  at  once  have  been  removed 
to  Chippewa,  and  thereby  have  saved  the  severe  lo*s  sustained  in 
defending  it.  Had  it  been  removed  when  Gen.  Itipley  made  the 
first  request,  our  loss  would  have  been  small,  and  tite  "'  trophies'' 
would  have  been  secured. 

When  the  troops  reached  Chippewa,  it  was  computed,  that  there 
were  one  thousand  men  in  camp,  exclusive  of  the  column  which 
had  retired.  Had  one  of  the  Stall*  been  sent,  two  hours  before,  to 
collect  this  force,  the  necessity  of  retiring  would  in  all  probability 
have  been  obviated. 

While  the  column  was  moving  on  Chippewa,  Col.  Hindman 
discovered  five  or  six  horses.  He  immediately  returned,  with  a 
view  to  remove  the  artillery.  His  statement,  as  first  given,  is 
incomplete,  owing  to  a  mistake  of  the  copyist  ;  it  is  therefore  re- 
peated in  full. 

The  23th  regiment,  under  the  gallant  Col.  Jessup,  was  detached 
from  the  brigade  of  General  Scott,  when  he  first  advanced  to- 
ward the  enemy.  Between  that  period  and  the  time  it  was  found 
on  the  right  of  the  heights,  there  is  of  course  no  narrative  of  its 
operations.  It  was  ordered  into  line,  with  the  second  briga»li', 
by  General  Ripley.  This  regiment  had  operated  on  the  enemy's 
flank,  in  a  most  heroic  and  successful  manner.  Major  Kelcham 
had  captured  Major  General  Rial.  It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that 
Colonel  Jessup  had  fought  closely  against  the  enemy's  flank 
with  no  other  force  at  that  point  to  sustain  him,  had  preserved  his 
regiment  entire,  and  had  captured  half  as  many  prisoners  as  his 
whole  force  in  the  field.  This  fact  evinces  a  gallantry  and  judg- 
ment not  less  remarkable  than  that  of  Colonel  Leavenworth,  who 
was  able  to  maintain  his  ground,  and  advance  with  supported  arms, 
previously  to  the  arrival  of  the  second  brigade,  and  that  with  one 
half  of  the  ofiicers  and  men  of  his  battalion  killed  or  wounded. 

General  Moreau  advanced  it  as  an  invariable  position,  that  no 
troops  could  remain  unbroken  after  one  quarter  were  killed  or 
wounded.  Many  incidents  evince  that  this  will  not  apply  to  our 
service. 

It  is  proper  to  observe  here,  that  when  Gen.  Miller  and  Capt. 
McDonald  speak  of  the  formation  of  Gen.  Porter's  line,  they  have 
reference  to  the  period  of  its  being  formed  on  the  left,  in  lino 
with  the  second  brigade.  Gen.  Porter  and  his  gallant  volunteers 
immediately  after  the  heights  were  carried,  and  before  any  charge 
was  made  to  reeripture  the  artillery,  came  up  and  formed  at  right 
angles,  witii  *h'i  left  of  the  2d  brigade,  with  their  left  thrown  to  the 
rear.  In  this  situation,  thev  repulsed  the  flank  moveuicuts  of  the 
7 


APPENDIX. 

enemy.     After  one  or  two  clmrgcs,  their  left  was  thrown  forward 
io  as  to  form  a  prolonj»alion  of  Uvn.  Kiph^'g  line. 

It  is  due  to  that  corps  that  (ien.  Uipley  should  declare,  as  other 
declarations  have  hmi  imputed  to  him,  that  he  never  spoke  of 
It  but  ^vith  the  highest  and  most  sincere  respect.  A  resnect 
ereafed  by  witnessing  its  uniform  good  conduct  in  ll>e  camp  and  in 
the  fceld.  ^o  corps  for  its  gallantry,  its  patience,  and  its  hardi- 
liood,  deserves  more  credit  Irom  its  country. 

General  Kipley  slates  in  the  most  positive  manner,  that  from 
the  period  of  his  entering  the  army  until  the  present  moment,  he 
lius  been  neither  the  author  nor  adviser  of  any  publication  what- 
ever, cit  tier  111  the  newspapers  or  in  any  periodical  paper,  except, 
jiig  such  official  documents  as  have  borne  his  signature. 

I  he  irregularily  of  the  arrangement  of  the  foregoing  papers  ii 
Mie  result  of  haste  and  employment  in  other  pursuits 


NOTES. 


^ote  to  pageu.  «  Gen.  Scott,  with  the  three  remaining  bat- 
talions on  the  right ;  but  the  latter  were  so  situated  as  not  to  be 
engaged."  This  ought  to  be,  "  were  so  situated  as  not  to  be  en- 
gaged  in  line  with  the  2d  tottC^."  It  is  probably  an  error  in 
transcribing.  -^^'^  ''J 

Page  22.  «  A!  this  moment  the  enemy  ceased  his  Ore,  and  re- 
tired  Jrom  the  held." 

^  This  retiring  uas  merely  falling  back  to  the  main  body  situated 
in  the  rear  of  the  artillery.  General  Rial  committed  a  great  mil- 
itary  error.  His  force  consisted  of  at  least  2500  men.  No  officer 
has  estimated  them  at  less.  His  sharpshooters  and  militia  were 
in  the  woods  through  which  Gen.  Scott  advanced.  The  moment 
Gen.  Scott  debouched  from  the  woods,Gen.  Rial  should  have  pushed 
lorward  every  effective  man.  But  instead  of  this,  he  was  unwill- 
ing to  eave  Lundy's  height,  because  it  afforded  a  strong  position. 
He  simply  threw  forward  his  right  wing,  so  as  to  attempt  to  reverse 
Wen.  bcott's  left ;  and  sent  detachments  to  the  front.  A  bold  and 
gallant  forward  movement  at  once  with  his  whole  force  and  the 
bayonet,  would  have  settled,  in  fifteen  minutes,  the  fate  of  that 
portion  of  the  American  army.  Had  Gen.  Drummond  been  there, 
he  would  have  done  so  j  but  he  did  not  arrive  until  afterward. 


vn  forward 

re,  an  other 
tr  spoke  ul* 
A  rfflpvcl 
imp  and  in 
iu  hardi- 

tliat  from 
nunient,  he 
tiun  what- 
er,  except^ 

;  papers  U 


iuing  bat- 
i  not  to  be 
;  to  be  en- 
fi  error  in 

e,  and  re- 

y  situated 
;reat  mil- 
No  ofHcer 
litia  were 
e  moment 
ve  pushed 
i8  unwill- 
;  position, 
to  reverse 
L  bold  and 
le  and  the 
te  of  that 
een  there, 
Mard. 


// 


US 


py. 


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Bsa*!; 


I 


StrengihoflstBrigade,July  23(1,  1814,    .    .    .    . 
Strerigthof2dBrigade,July  2Sd,  1814,    .    .    .    • 
Strength  Gen.  Porter's  Volunteers,  July  30th,  1814, 
Strength  of  Corps  of  Artillery,  July  30th,  1814,  . 


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•»  The  report  of  Gen.  Porter,  oif  July  23d.  is  not  to  he  found.     His  report  of  July  30th  is  here  inserted. 

il  .  '  ' 


STREJVGTH  OF  THE  AMERICAJV  AMMY,  JULY  %5,  1814. 


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Deduct  on  piquets, 
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Detachment    of  artil- 
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teers,  directed  by 
Gen.  Brown  to  re- 
niain  in  cuiup. 


2529. 


250 
300 


%\'IU 


200 750  S.Mcn  in  camp  during  the  whole  battle  of 

\  Niagara  and  never  ordered  on  to  the  field. 


This  copy  is    not  dated 


Total  engaged,        1779  '      ' 

ly  SOth  Is  here  inserted.    To  this  is  to  be  added  his  casualties  at  Niagara.    The  game  remark 


IS 


applicable  to  the    artillery. — The  remarks  and  ealc 


25,  1814. 


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True  Coffyfrom  Bociments  Jiled  in  this  oj^ce. 


(Signed) 


s. 


>py    is    not 


dateu,  »iui  nils  liiaufc   ouv   .iv   -3- __-- 


-The  remark*  and  calculafuns  on  this  report  have  been  added  to  the  copy,  and  were 


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260 

N.  B.      During  the 
active    operations,   re- 
ports were  made  week- 
ly, or  once  in  tiveilajs.  i 
Ihe  only  change  irom 
the  morning  of  the  23d 
when  this  report   was! 
made  out,  to  the  25thj 
July,  was  the  arrival  ol 
about  ISOettectives,  un-| 
der   Lt.  Col.  Nicholas,) 
of  the  let  Kegl.  anUhel 
detachment  of  about  thej 
same  number  to  SchJcs- 
ser,  so  that  the  detach- 
ment,   under    Colonel 
Nicholas,  is  not  taken  | 
into  view,  but  consider- 
ed   balanced     ^y    the  I 
detachment     sent     tol 
Schlosser. 


ed  in  this  ojjice. 


GRIFFITH, 

Acting  Assistant  Mjutant  General* 


Jacket's  Harl»or  in   February  last. 


I 


ded  to  the  copy,  and  were  not  m  the  originak. 


il 


, 


.4  "*'  ■ 


APPENDIX. 


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